カテゴリー: 特記事項等

#Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.28

All the below tweets are in English.
標記につき取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。


https://twitter.com/katyjon/status/1399694623015161860
https://twitter.com/MissManc/status/1399833131469971458


mixing-increases-side-effects @soutikBBC


https://twitter.com/DrEricDing/status/1398631148927004675


https://twitter.com/trtworld/status/1398967555692314626

https://twitter.com/BiIndia/status/1400520157181612036
https://twitter.com/BiIndia/status/1399734985586659332


Pfizer-Covid-jab-produces-less-antibodies-against-Delta-variant @htTweets,@TheLancet


https://twitter.com/FISI_UK/status/1400025769573761024

#Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.27（Lineage B.1.617 インド型変異株）

All the below links and excerpts are in English.

取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

Coronavirus Variants and Mutations (04/26/2021) | @nytimes
Coronavirus Variants-Mutations @nytimes

 

 

 

 

 

 

The COVID variant from India: What we know so far (27/04/2021) | @dwnews
… It’s too early to say whether the new variant of the virus, B.1.617, is responsible for the rapid increase in infections, but it is being treated as a possible cause.
What role do virus variants play?
In many other cases and countries, new variants have played a role when infections jumped.
Some experts are also concerned that the Indian variant may be turning into a type of “super mutation” that will continue to spread across the world. …
Why could the Indian variant become dangerous?
The Indian variant consists of two mutations on the spike protein of the virus.
A spike protein allows a virus to enter the body and infect it. The virus can then spread quickly through the body, if it escapes any antibodies in the immune system or those developed as a result of a vaccine – or, indeed, if there aren’t any antibodies.
Experts say there is a risk that people who have recovered from a COVID-19 infection, or those who have been vaccinated, may not be as resilient against this new variant as they may be against other forms of the virus.
What’s special about the Indian variant?
The mutations found in the Indian variant are identified as E484Q and L452 and are not entirely new. E484Q is similar to E484K – a mutation seen in the South African variant, B.1.353, and in the Brazilian variant, P1.
In some cases, the Indian mutations were detected in the British variant, B.1.1.7.
L452R is detected in a Californian variant of the virus, B.1.429. The same was found in a variant in Germany.
Of interest or of concern?
… Dr Jeffrey Barrett, director of the COVID-19 Genomics Initiative at the Wellcome Sanger Institute in the UK, has commented that the Indian variant has spread at such low levels over the past few months, and that makes it “likely not to be as transmissible as B.1.1.7.”

Researchers are investigating if a COVID-19 with multiple mutations found in India is more deadly and resistant to existing vaccines (04/23/2021) | @businessinsider
… The Times of India spoke to Vinod Scaria, a researcher at the CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology in India, who said the triple-mutant was also an “immune escape variant” – a strain that helps the virus attach to human cells and hide from the immune system. …
… Sreedhar Chinnaswamy, a researcher from the National Institute of Biomedical Genomics in India, told the Times of India that the variant also carried the E484K mutation, a characteristic found in the variants first identified in South Africa and Brazil.
“In other words, you may not be safe from this variant even if you were previously infected by another strain, or even if you have been vaccinated,” Chinnaswamy said.
Paul Tambyah, a professor of medicine at the National University of Singapore, said the good news is that there is no concrete evidence that the triple mutation is deadlier or more transmissible. …
“There is good data suggesting that the immune system, not just antibodies, can respond to multiple different mutants,” Tambyah said.
But this new threat is still worrying, as India’s healthcare system has already reached a breaking point as it grapples with the second wave of COVID cases. …

What’s the new coronavirus variant in India and how should it change their COVID-19 response? (06/04/2021) | @down2earthindia
… In 15-20 per cent of samples from the Indian state of Maharashtra (the state accounting for 62 per cent of cases in the country) a new, double mutation in key areas of the virus has been detected. These are now known as the E484Q and L452R mutations.
What makes the variant different?
… Given what we have seen with other similar mutations, it might also make it harder for our immune system to recognise the virus due to its slightly different shape. This means our immune system may not be able to recognise the virus as something it has to produce antibodies against.
Implications
… Mutations can result in 20 per cent more in-hospital deaths, as we witnessed during the second wave in South Africa. …

India’s ‘double mutation’ covid virus variant is worrying the world (19/04/2021) | @livemint
… The new variant, called B.1.617, was initially detected in India with two mutations — the E484Q and L452R. …
… Some mutations weaken the virus while others may make it stronger, enabling it to proliferate faster or cause more infections. …
… Aparna Mukherjee, a scientist at the Indian Council of Medical Research …
… In some districts in Maharashtra state — home to Mumbai and epicenter of the current wave that’s triggered fresh lockdown-like rules — the prevalence of this variant was more than 60%, according to Anurag Agrawal, director of the state-run Council of Scientific and Industrial Research’s genomics institute that’s conducting sequencing. …
… Both mutations are known to decrease — although not completely eliminate — the binding of the antibodies created by infection and vaccination, according to Jesse Bloom, an associate professor for genome sciences and microbiology at the University of Washington.
“Mutations at sites E484 and L452 have been observed separately, but this is the first major viral lineage that combines the two,” …
… Rakesh Mishra, the Hyderabad-based director of the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology …
… William A. Haseltine, a former professor at Harvard Medical School …

Coronavirus: ‘Double mutant’ Covid variant found in India (25/03/2021) | @BBCNewsAsia
… The Indian SARS-CoV-2 Consortium on Genomics (INSACOG), a group of 10 national laboratories under India’s health ministry …
Are double mutants a worry?
… But if the virus can use reinfection to spread, then it would be “penetrating” herd immunity, says Dr Jeremy Kamil, a virologist at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport. (Herd immunity happens when a large portion of a community becomes immune to a disease through vaccination or through the mass spread of the disease.) …

Q+A: Indian coronavirus variant – what is it and what effect will it have? (04/21/2021) | @ConversationEDU
Is this variant more infectious?
We think this variant may be able to spread more easily than earlier forms of the virus. This is because of a mutation it carries called L452R, which affects the virus’s spike protein. This is the “key” the coronavirus uses to unlock our cells.
The L452R mutation changes the part of the spike protein that directly interacts with ACE2, the molecule on the surface of our cells that the virus binds with to get inside. Early research – yet to be reviewed by other scientists – suggests the L452R mutation allows the virus to bind to cells more stably. In previous variants, such as the Kent variant, mutations like this that enhanced the virus’s binding ability resulted in it becoming more infectious.
The B1427 variant detected in California contains the same L452R mutation a B1617. It is estimated to be around 20% more transmissible than the earlier form of the coronavirus that was circulating during the first wave.
And is it more dangerous?
Mutations such as L452R that help with binding don’t necessarily result in more severe disease or make the virus more deadly. …
… Indeed, preliminary studies suggest the L452R mutation could help the virus evade the immune system. On top of this, B1617 carries a second mutation, called E484Q, that changes the spike protein as well. Research suggests that mutations like it (that affect the same area of the spike protein) may also make the virus less susceptible to pre-existing antibodies. …

COVID-19: Indian double mutation variant arrives in Britain and has ‘hallmarks of very dangerous virus’ (19/04/2021) | @SkyNews
… The variant – officially named B.1.617 – is almost certainly playing a part in the very sharp spike in the epidemic in India.
… One of the concerning mutations, called L452R, is also found in a variant circulating in California, though there is no link between the viruses. The Indian variant has evolved independently.
The other mutation in the virus is completely new. It is at the same ‘484’ position in the spike protein that is also mutated in the South African variant, and some others. But the actual mutation – E484Q – is slightly different.
Lab tests show both mutations help the virus to infect human cells and evade some antibodies.
The combination – called a double mutant – is a particular concern.
As yet it is unknown what impact they would have on the effectiveness of the existing vaccines. …

First case of ‘double mutant’ COVID-19 variant confirmed in Quebec (04/22/2021) | @CTVNews
… It’s known as the “double mutant” because it contains two distinct mutations of the original COVID-19 virus. Each of those mutations has been seen in other variants, separately, but this variant has both at once. …

India’s COVID-19 Variant: What We Know So Far – Not yet clear how much the current surge is driven by this new variant (04/29/2021) | @medpagetoday
Why “Double Mutant”?
Its official name is B.1.617, and the “double mutant” is a bit of a misnomer, because it actually carries 13 mutations, 7 of which are in the spike protein. But the moniker comes from two notable mutations found in other variants that appeared together for the first time in this new strain: the L452R mutation and the E484Q mutation.
The L452R mutation in the spike protein was first found in the COVID-19 variant detected in California. One study found that the California variant carrying this mutation may be up to 20% more transmissible than wild-type strains.
The E484Q mutation is notable because it appears to be very similar to the E484K mutations found in the B.1.351 (South African) and P.1 (Brazilian) variants. The E484K mutation in these variants is considered an “escape mutation” because it enables SARS-CoV-2 to evade immune protection with monoclonal antibodies, which may decrease the effectiveness of vaccines. So far, though, current vaccines appear to be holding up against these variants, according to Jetelina.
Why Is the ‘India’ Variant Important?
… Back in December 2020, 271 million people (about one-fifth of India’s population) were already infected with COVID-19. Modelling studies suggested that India may have already reached herd immunity through natural infection. India’s health minister announced that the country had successfully contained the spread of the virus. …
Implications for Pandemic Control
… Preliminary evidence so far suggests that the Covaxin vaccine is still protective against the double mutant variant. Covaxin is an inactivated vaccine that contains killed coronavirus material and is made in India. Scientists in India have also reported that Covishield, which uses the same biotechnology as the AstraZeneca vaccine, has efficacy against the mutant.
… “The more this virus jumps from person-to-person (regardless of where it’s at in the globe), the more chances it has to mutate,” she wrote. “The more it mutates, the more chances it has to outsmart our vaccines.”

The Recent Rise of Indian Covid-19 Cases Display The Dangers Of SARS-CoV-2 Variants (04/23/2021) | @Forbes
… In addition to the B.1.617, which I described in detail in a previous article, a number of strains with additional mutations are also circulating that are currently less prevalent, but still cause for concern. These mutations, which are heavily concentrated in the N-terminal and receptor-binding domains of the spike protein, likely make their respective variants more resistant to convalescent sera and vaccine-administered antibodies.
Among these mutations is W152L, located in the N-terminal domain, which is thought to be a neutralizing antibody binding site due to its high antigenicity. Mutations to this area could reduce neutralization capability and make the virus more resistant to convalescent sera and vaccines. Another mutation, V382L, is also located in the receptor-binding domain. …
Further mutations found in India include N450K, which is also found in the Belgian B.1.214 variant; S477N, which is also seen in the New York B.1.526 variant; and a series of others, all heavily concentrated in the receptor-binding domain. Mutations to this region affect both binding to human ACE2 receptors and potential resistance to neutralization. …

Science Brief: Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants (Updated 01/28/2021) | @CDCgov
India’s massive COVID surge puzzles scientists – The virus is spreading faster than ever before in India despite previous high infection rates in megacities, which should have conferred some protection. (21/04/2021) | @nature

Science and Technology 科学技術 Vol.23 ／ #Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.25

All the below links and tweets are in English.

取り急ぎ以下（内容事項一部抜粋ご参考まで）貼っておきます。

Science and Technology Vol.59 (physics, chemistry, etc.)
debris ball,gravity water RenewableEnergy
Science and Technology Vol.58 (Hydrogen, Artificial Intelligence, Coronavirus, etc.)
Hydrogen-FuelCell,Electric-Car agriculture-robotics-drones Earth,Mars 8086-processor
Science and Technology Vol.57 (Artificial Intelligence, Coronavirus, etc.)
RheumatoidArthritis,baricitinib,AI COLCORONA,Colchicine architecture
Science and Technology Vol.56 (Artificial Intelligence, Hydrogen, etc.)
AI,DrugDevelopment DataScience,MachineLearning composite-polymer CleanEnergy battery car AtmosphericChemistry ammonia

内容例（各回ツイートもご覧ください）
以下、順に、
59：@compoundchem、@FCHEA_News、@thecrimson、@ScienceAlert,@ConversationUK
58：@FutureOfAg,@AlxMcFarland,@UniteAi、@plish,@ucrholly,UCRiverside,@TechXplore_com、@energynetworks、@TheICCT,@EUEnergyNews
57：@newyorker,@AIApgh、@entrepreneur,@sales_lms
56：@VentureBeat、@BD_Chamber,@BBCNews、@HydrogenCouncil,@h2_view、@LifeboatHQ,@Inceptive_Mind
SciTech59 water-treatment @compoundchem
SciTech59 electrolyzer-2018 @FCHEA_News
SciTech59 cheaper-renewable-storage @thecrimson
SciTech59 split-water-space @ScienceAlert,@ConversationEDU
SciTech58 AmphiSTAR @FutureOfAg,@AlxMcFarland,@UniteAi
SciTech58 robot-water-crops @plish,@ucrholly,UCRiverside@TechXplore_com
SciTech58 GasGoesGreen @energynetworks
SciTech58 heat-pumps @TheICCT,@EUEnergyNews
Coronavirus-reshape-architecture @newyorker @AIApgh
AI-change-work @entrepreneur,@sales_lms
use-less-data @VentureBeat
AI-created-medicine @BD_Chamber,@BBCNews
@HydrogenCouncil,@h2_view
POWERPASTE @LifeboatHQ,@Inceptive_Mind

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

上記事項の日本関連


https://twitter.com/FIRA_team/status/1220248813191016448


https://twitter.com/MargaretSiegien/status/1327885901750542336


https://twitter.com/LeWagonTokyo/status/1285015578072059906

World 世界情勢等 Vol.12 ／ U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.164

All the below links are in English.

取り急ぎ以下（内容事項一部抜粋ご参考まで）貼っておきます。

World Vol.101 (U.S., etc.)
Europe Russia Arctic Nagorny-Karabakh Houthis CentralAsia Iran NuclearBrinkmanship Syria Myanmar dinosaur Colombia IlliberalDemocratic Duterte FL
World Vol.100 (U.S., etc.)
Europe Iran,Iraq Myanmar Arctic India NorthAfrica ParisClimateAgreement cows GlobalSupplyChains 5G immigration TreeCoverLoss SputnikV Sinopharm Facebook BanGoodsFromXinjiang UFOs CO
World Vol.98 (U.S., etc.)
TracerApp BeachEnergy-surrender hydroxychloroquine PolarizationDynamic NASA-Mars Czech Ecuador LatAm NZ,AU KY
World Vol.97 (U.S., finance, etc.)
CentralBanks MonetaryPolicy TravelRelatedServices-ServicesInflation BodPurchases mortgages CurrentPopulationsSurvey broadband ManuSurvey NewSTART Friedman Alaska OysterShells SuperBowl JeffBezos-StepDown wheat SC,LA
World Vol.96 (U.S.)
Walmart sharks-rays FEMA-VaccinationCosts UNA-MamavaLactationPod CDC-FederalMaskMandate PERSI gym AL,ID
World Vol.93 (The Wall Street Journal, AFP, Reuters, TIME, The Economist, The Washington Post)
GameStop DoomsdayClock
World Vol.90 (incl The New York Times, Bloomberg Politics)
vaccines Poland CountyLevel-RiskAssessments SpicyChickenMcNuggets NV
World Vol.89 (U.S. Congress, insurance, NZ)
StateFarm Progressive LibertyMutual Allstate Travelers Chubb Farmers AIG TheHartford amfam CNA Assurant AXA Allianz AmyConeyBarrett

内容例（各回ツイートもご覧ください）　
順に、
100：@calebwatney,@ppi、@TaraStraw,@CenterOnBudget,@Marketplace、@BrookingsFP,@thomaswright08
97：@RichmondFed、@centralbank_ie
89：@Zurich
BidenAdministration entrepreneur pp13-16 @calebwatney,@ppi
BidenAdministration HealthInsurance @TaraStraw,@CenterOnBudget,@Marketplace
multilateralism1 pp5-8 @BrookingsFP,@thomaswright08
BidenAdministration entrepreneur pp13-16 @calebwatney,@ppi
RichmondFed broadband
CentralBankOfIreland ReallyRich
@Zurich Insurance robot

Recent articles about Japan 日本関連英文記事 Vol.13（U.S. and Northeast Asia, earthquakes, etc.）


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ESg2WXbWLXg


https://twitter.com/themainichi/status/1373212972357713922


https://twitter.com/TheInsiderPaper/status/1373238142241710080


https://twitter.com/ethanb822/status/1373218196031823877

Science and Technology 科学技術 Vol.22 ／ #Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.24

All the below links are in English.

取り急ぎ以下（黒字部分は内容事項一部抜粋ご参考まで）貼っておきます。

Science and Technology Vol.55 (Artificial Intelligence, Coronavirus, etc.)
knits bioenergy manufacturing industry40 DENSO SelfOptimizingPlant 5G Swapp SmartCities MilkRobot StarshipRobots AutonomousTractors
Science and Technology Vol.54 (Artificial Intelligence, Coronavirus, etc.)
IoT FacialRecognition MedicalImaging Automation,3Dprinters DataScience MonoclonalAntibodies ML SatelliteImages Google,Fitbit JohnVonNeumann ReceptorBindingDomain,RBD
Science and Technology Vol.53 (Coronavirus, Artificial Intelligence, etc.)
RoboticSurgery surveillance SmartCity AI,MachineLearning,VaccineManufacturing 5G,6G,IoT,BigData flu
Science and Technology Vol.52 (incl Coronavirus, Jupiter & Saturn)
mutated,mutate,mutations,mutants,variants,transmissable immunocompromised SickleCell,CRISPR PPE RampantMisinformation bacteria,PollutionMonitoring ImmuneHealth DeepSleep,WasteProducts microbiome digestion minerals,selenium ivermectin humidifier AnGes
Science and Technology Vol.51 (coronavirus vaccine, artificial intelligence, space, etc.)
Moderna Pfizer PolyethyleneGlycol,PEG anaphylaxis,allergy AI Hayabusa astronomy Shionogi

代表例（各回ツイートもご覧ください。）
以下順に、54. @geekwire,@allen_ai,@etzioni,@uwcse、53. @CDCgov、52. @BBCNews、51. @epfl_en,@HofSwitzerland。
@geekwire,@allen_ai,@etzioni,@uwcse
02212021 masks @CDCgov
UK PPE-recycle @BBCNews
CHUV_HUG @epfl_en @HofSwitzerland

Science and Technology 科学技術 Vol.21 ／ U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.133（Personal Protective Equipment #PPE, etc. 個人防護具等）

All the below links are in English.

取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

Science and Technology Vol.46 (personal protective equipment (PPE) suppliers/manufacturers)

New York Vol.38 (corporations: Henry Schein)

New York Vol.39 (corporations: Protective Industrial Products)

Pennsylvania Vol.15 (corporations: MSA Safety Incorporated)

North Carolina Vol.15 (corporations: Honeywell)

Ohio Vol.7 (corporations: Cardinal Health)

Ohio Vol.8 (corporations: Cintas Corporation)

Michigan Vol.12 (corporations: Gentex Corporation)

Michigan Vol.13 (corporations: Avon Protection)

Michigan Vol.14 (corporations: Carhartt)

Illinois Vol.15 (corporations: Grainger)

Illinois Vol.16 (corporations: Medline Industries)

Illinois Vol.17 (corporations: Klein Tools)

Wisconsin Vol.12 (corporations: Bradley Corporation)

Wisconsin Vol.13 (corporations: Conney Safety)

Minnesota Vol.10 (corporations: Ergodyne)

Minnesota Vol.11 (corporations: Fastenal Company)

Tennessee Vol.8 (corporations: MCR Safety)

Alabama Vol.8 (corporations: Motion Industries)

Florida Vol.12 (corporations: Accuform Signs)

Texas Vol.17 (corporations: Kimberly-Clark)

California Vol.31 (corporations: Moldex)

Science and Technology 科学技術 Vol.20 ／ U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.132 （pharmaceutical companies, etc. 製薬会社等）

All the below links are in English.

取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

Massachusetts Vol.27 (corporations: ImmunoGen)

Massachusetts Vol.26 (corporations: Ironwood Pharmaceuticals)

Massachusetts Vol.25 (corporations: Sarepta Therapeutics)

Massachusetts Vol.24 (corporations: Alexion Pharmaceuticals)

Massachusetts Vol.23 (corporations: Vertex Pharmaceuticals) / Switzerland Vol.8 (pharmaceutical corporations: CRISPR Therapeutics)

Massachusetts Vol.22 (corporations: Boston Scientific)

Massachusetts Vol.21 (corporations: Thermo Fisher Scientific)

New Jersey Vol.12 (corporations: Amicus Therapeutics)

New Jersey Vol.11 (corporations: PTC Therapeutics)

Pennsylvania Vol.13 (corporations: Inovio Pharmaceuticals)

Pennsylvania Vol.12 (corporations: Mylan)

Delaware Vol.8 (corporations: Incyte)

North Carolina Vol.13 (corporations: LabCorp)

Michigan Vol.11 (corporations: Stryker)

Illinois Vol.13 (corporations: GE Healthcare)

Illinois Vol.12 (corporations: Abbott Laboratories)

California Vol.30 (corporations: Intuitive Surgical)

California Vol.29 (corporations: Nektar Therapeutics)

California Vol.28 (corporations: Halozyme Therapeutics)

California Vol.27 (corporations: Illumina)

Texas Vol.16 (corporations: McKesson Corporation)

アメリカ最大手等10社強については当日本語サイトにおいても既に投稿済ですので、州ごとに適宜お探しください。
cf.
Massachusetts Vol.20 (corporations: Biogen)
Massachusetts Vol.19 (corporations: Moderna)
New York Vol.37 (corporations: Regeneron)
New York Vol.36 (corporations: Bristol Myers Squibb)
New York Vol.35 (corporations: Pfizer)
New Jersey Vol.10 (corporations: Merck (Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD) outside the U.S. & Canada))
New Jersey Vol.9 (corporations: Johnson & Johnson)
Pennsylvania Vol.11 (corporations: CSL Behring) / Australia Vol.29
Maryland Vol.9 (corporations: Novavax)
Indiana Vol.8 (corporations: Eli Lilly)
Illinois Vol.14 (corporations: Baxter International)
Illinois Vol.11 (corporations: AbbVie)
California Vol.26 (corporations: Gilead Sciences)
California Vol.25 (corporations: Amgen)

#Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.23（vaccines, etc. ワクチン等）

All the below link/tweets are in English.

取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

Science and Technology Vol.50 (coronavirus vaccine)　　Vaccination SideEffects,AdverseReactions,AllergicReaction,AnaphylaxisReaction,PotentialTriggers,AllergyConcerns …

関連する最近のツイート


https://twitter.com/Daily_Express/status/1352246043845517315


https://twitter.com/wiltscouncil/status/1350844347793747968


https://twitter.com/POLITICOEurope/status/1351213890621886468


https://twitter.com/tamer_hadi/status/1352682427836207104


https://twitter.com/timesofindia/status/1351155661078474756

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Please note: the purpose we paste tweets on this website is that the visitors to this site will be satisfied with the visits because they can see various information here. Of course, we always have no intention of agitation, etc. We just paste tweets, which are actually on Twitter, with as little prejudication and bias as possible, as time permits.

Science and Technology 科学技術 Vol.19 ／ #Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.22（pharmaceutical products 医薬品 Vol.8：drugs 治療薬）

All the below links and excerpts are in English.

Sarilumab (Kevzara®) に係るリンクと当方作成の抜粋を取り急ぎ以下のとおり貼っておきます。
cf.
Science and Technology 科学技術 Vol.14 ／ #Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.15（pharmaceutical products 医薬品 Vol.6：drugs 治療薬） Tocilizumab
Science and Technology 科学技術 Vol.15 ／ #Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.16（pharmaceutical products 医薬品 Vol.7：drugs 治療薬）

Clinicians encouraged to consider tocilizumab or sarilumab in treatment of hospitalised COVID-19 patients (07/01/2021) | @PJOnline_News,@robinson_julia
… The new advice, which is due to be published on 8 January 2020, follows results released from the Randomised, Embedded, Multi-factorial, Adaptive Platform Trial for Community-Acquired pneumonia (REMAP-CAP), which suggested that tocilizumab and sarilumab, which are both IL-6 receptor antagonists, led to a 24% reduced risk of mortality, when administered to patients within 24 hours of entering intensive care. …
At the time of full analysis, 353 patients had been assigned to tocilizumab, 48 to sarilumab and 402 to standard care. The majority of patients were also treated with corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone, and were receiving respiratory support.
The trial data yielded an odds ratio of 1.64 for a better outcome with tocilizumab, and 1.76 for sarilumab, compared to no immune modulation, with a high degree of statistical certainty.
…Anthony Gordon…
Gino Martini, chief scientist at the Royal Pharmaceutical Society…
Tocilizumab and sarilumab have already been added to the government’s export restriction list, which bans companies from buying medicines meant for UK patients and selling them on for a higher price in another country. This will protect supply for UK patients by enforcing regulatory action on those who flout the restrictions.

Roche’s Actemra, Regeneron’s Kevzara win U.K.’s favor in COVID-19 after study shows 24% drop in death risk (01/08/2021) | @FiercePharma,@arleneweintraub
The question of whether seriously ill COVID-19 patients can benefit from anti-inflammatories like Roche’s Actemra and Sanofi and Regeneron’s Kevzara has dogged practitioners in the United States thanks to conflicting clinical trial results.
The United Kingdom, on the other hand, has reached a definitive answer on the two drugs, both of which are IL-6 inhibitors: They significantly reduce the risk of death in COVID-19 patients needing intensive care, and they should be used to ease the pressure hospitals are now facing as the coronavirus pandemic continues to intensify, the country’s National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) said Thursday.
The recommendation came after data from an NIHR-sponsored study showed that Actemra and Kevzara can cut hospital stays for COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care by 10 days and can lower the risk of death by 24% in patients who receive either drug within a day of admission. That finding prompted the U.K. government to recommend to the National Health Service (NHS) that IL-6 inhibitors be rolled out for the treatment of COVID-19. …

UK Covid patients to receive new drugs tocilizumab and sarilumab that reduce death risk by 24% (w Video; 01/08/2021) | @EveningStandard,@HattieBrewis
… NHS patients admitted to the country’s intensive care units will be able to receive tocilizumab and sarilumab, which have also been found to reduce the time coronavirus sufferers need to spend in hospital by up to 10 days. …
It comes after results from the Government-funded REMAP-CAP clinical trial showed that both drugs reduced the risk of mortality by 8.5 per cent when administered to patients within a day of entering intensive care alongside a corticosteroid, such as dexamethasone.
Professor Anthony Gordon, chair in anaesthesia and critical care at Imperial College London and a consultant in intensive care medicine at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust…
Hospital mortality was 27.3 per cent among patients receiving tocilizumab or sarilumab, compared with 35.8 per cent of patients in the control group who did not receive the drugs, the researchers said.
Treatment with tocilizumab or sarilumab is thought to cost somewhere between ￡750 and ￡1,000 and is administered intravenously either as a one or two dose regime.
Professor Gordon added: “For every 12 patients in intensive care you treat with these drugs, based on the evidence we saw, you would expect to save one life.” …
Tocilizumab and sarilumab have been added to the Government’s export restriction list, the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) said.
This will protect supply for UK patients by enforcing regulatory action on those who flout the restrictions, it added.
Commenting on the findings, Peter Horby, professor of Emerging Infectious Diseases, the University of Oxford’s Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health…
“Importantly, the findings of a benefit are in addition to corticosteroids, which were taken by 93 per cent of the participants.
“This means we now have two drugs, which combined have a greater effect.”

KEVZARA HELPS INHIBIT THE EFFECTS OF CHRONICALLY ELEVATED IL-6: KEVZARA targets and binds with high affinity to soluble and membrane-bound IL-6 receptors (sIL-6R and mIL-6R), thereby inhibiting IL-6 signaling | @sanofi & @Regeneron
Sarilumab-Kevzara1 mechanism

UK approves anti-inflammatory drugs to treat sickest covid-19 patients after strong results in clinical trial (01/08/2021) | @washingtonpost,@Carolynyjohnson,@bbguari
…Jonathan Parr…
David E. Leaf, a Harvard Medical School assistant professor and Brigham and Women’s Hospital physician, said the data were game-changing: “For ICU patients, I think it is a slam dunk that they should be given tocilizumab if it can be given early on.”…
“We’re currently live in 290 sites around the world, and so there was no way to quietly whisper to 290 sites: ‘Stop randomizing to control in the immune modulation arm, but don’t tell anyone,’ ” said Derek Angus, chair of critical care medicine at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and one of the investigators of the trial. …
The list price of the dose of Kevzara used in the trial is about $3,600. The maximum dose used in the trial of Actemra currently carries a list price of $4,600, but the dose varied by patients’ body weight and could be given either once or twice. Bob Purcell, a spokesman for Genentech, a member of the Roche Group, said that the drug was not approved for use in covid-19 and the pricing might differ if it were approved to treat the illness. …
About 36 percent of patients died in the hospital who received standard care, while 28 percent died on tocilizumab and 22 percent died when given sarilumab. Patients treated with the drugs spent about a week less in the ICU, on average. …

UK Approves Arthritis Drugs for Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients (01/11/2021) | @TheScientistLLC,@AsherGJones
… The study, which has not yet been peer-reviewed, evaluated around 800 patients in intensive care with severe COVID-19. Around half received the standard of care while 353 received tocilizumab and 48 received sarilumab. The researchers found that 35.8 percent of those given standard care died, compared with 28 percent who received tocilizumab and 22.2 percent who were given sarilumab. …
The immunosuppressive drugs tocilizumab and sarilumab, which are primarily used to treat arthritis, block signaling of the cytokine IL-6, a key regulator of immune dysregulation and inflammation in severe COVID-19 cases. …
…Krutika Kuppalli, an infectious disease physician at the Medical University of South Carolina… @nytimes
…Jonathan Parr, an infectious diseases physician at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill… @washingtonpost

Update on the Pathomechanism, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options for Rheumatoid Arthritis (04/03/2021) | National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
Sarilumab-Kevzara4 NIH-RA-developmentSarilumab-Kevzara3 NIH-RApatients-strategySarilumab-Kevzara5 NIH-SideEffects

Kevzara (Sarilumab injection, for subcutaneous use): side effects (05/18/2018) | @RxList
Kevzara (sarilumab) injection is an interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor antagonist indicated for treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Common side effects of Kevzara include:
・low white blood cell count (neutropenia),
・increased ALT,
・injection site redness,
・upper respiratory infections,
・nasal congestion,
・runny nose,
・sore throat,
・urinary tract infections, and
・low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia). …

Sarilumab (Kevzara®) Drug Information Sheet | @jhrheumatology
Sarilumab-Kevzara2 JH-SideEffects

Kevzara Side Effects (09/13/2020) | @Drugscom
Side effects requiring immediate medical attention
… Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur while taking sarilumab:
More common
・Bloody, black, or tarry stools
・chills
・cough
・fever
・lower back or side pain
・painful or difficult urination
・pale skin
・sore throat
・ulcers, sores, or white spots in the mouth
・unusual bleeding or bruising
・unusual tiredness or weakness
Less common
・bladder pain
・bloody or cloudy urine
・body ache or pain
・difficulty breathing
・ear congestion
・frequent urge to urinate
・headache
・loss of voice
・nasal congestion
・painful cold sores or blisters on the lips
・runny nose
・sneezing
Rare
・difficulty swallowing
・dizziness
・fast heartbeat
・heartburn
・hives, itching, skin rash
・indigestion
・nausea
・puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips or tongue
・severe stomach pain, cramping, or burning
・tightness in the chest
・vomiting of material that looks like coffee grounds, severe and continuing
Side effects not requiring immediate medical attention
More common
・bleeding, blistering, burning, coldness, discoloration of skin, feeling of pressure, infection, inflammation, itching, lumps, numbness, pain, rash, redness, scarring, soreness, stinging, swelling, tenderness, tingling, ulceration, or warmth at the injection site
For Healthcare Professionals
Dermatologic; Hematologic; Hypersensitivity; Immunologic; Local; Metabolic; Genitourinary; Hepatic; Respiratory; General; Gastrointestinal

Kevzara (Sarilumab), a New IL-6 Receptor Antagonist, Approved for Active Rheumatoid Arthritis (03/2018) | American Health & Drug Benefits @TheLynxGroup
Mechanism of Action
Sarilumab is a human recombinant monoclonal antibody that binds to IL-6 receptors that inhibit IL-6?mediated signaling. The IL-6 cytokine plays a role in the body’s inflammatory process and response. The production of IL-6 by synovial and endothelial cells can lead to local production of IL-6 in the joints affected by RA and other inflammatory processes. Elevated levels of IL-6 have been correlated with disease activity and joint damage in patients with RA.
Dosing and Administration
The recommended dosage of sarilu-mab is 200 mg once every 2 weeks, administered as a subcutaneous injection; it is available as a 150-mg/1.14-mL or 200-mg/1.14-mL solution in a single-dose, prefilled syringe, and can be used as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate or other conventional DMARDs. …
Adverse Reactions
The most common (incidence ≧3%) adverse reactions associated with saril-umab therapy are neutropenia (7%), increased alanine aminotransferase levels (5%), injection-site erythema (5%), upper respiratory infections (4%), and urinary tract infections (3%).
Drug Interactions
Cytokines and cytokine modulators can influence the activity of specific cytochrome (CY) P450 enzymes (including CYP3A4) and thus may alter the metabolism of drugs that are substrates of these enzymes. Use caution when sarilumab is co-administered with CYP3A4 substrate drugs for which decreased effectiveness is undesirable (eg, oral contraceptives, statins).
Use in Specific Populations
Nursing women may need to discontinue sarilumab or discontinue nursing.
No differences in safety or efficacy of sarilumab were seen between older (aged ≧65 years) and younger patients.
Warnings and Precautions
The prescribing information for saril-umab includes a boxed warning stating that sarilumab is associated with an increased risk for serious and potentially fatal infections, including bacterial, viral, invasive fungal, and other opportunistic infections. Patients should be monitored closely for infection while receiving sarilumab.
Sarilumab has been associated with reduced ANC, including neutropenia; a reduction in platelet counts; transaminase elevations; and lipid abnormalities.
The risk for gastrointestinal perforation may be increased when sarilumab is used concomitantly with NSAIDs or with corticosteroids.
Treatment with immunosuppressant drugs, including sarilumab, may increase the risk for malignancies.
Sarilumab should be discontinued immediately if anaphylaxis or a hypersensitivity reaction occurs.
Sarilumab should not be used with live vaccines.
* Kevzara (sarilumab) injection [prescribing information]. Tarrytown, NY: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals; Bridgewater, NJ: sanofi-aventis U.S.; May 2017.

Repurposed Drugs to Fight SARS-CoV-2, Tocilizumab and Sarilumab – Part 4 (04/15/2021) | @_Monocl
Tocilizumab and sarilumab reduce COVID-19 patient mortality by 8.5 percent, data shows (07/01/2021) | @PharmaReview
Kevzara (sarilumab) | @mnt
Sarilumab (Subcutaneous Route) | @MayoClinic
Efficacy and safety of sarilumab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (01/11/2018) | National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
Sarilumab | @sciencedirect