タグ: 投資

Science and Technology 科学技術 Vol.18 ／ #Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.21

All the below links are in English.

取り急ぎ以下（黒字部分は内容事項一部抜粋ご参考まで）貼っておきます。

Science and Technology Vol.49　COVID19 vaccines materials AI,robotics
Science and Technology Vol.48 (incl 2019)　telehealth coronavirus pandemics MachineLearning triage ventilator nurses startup chemicals GPS HorizonEU electrification
Science and Technology Vol.47 (incl 2019)　digitalhealth PhysicalDistancing immunotherapy food molecular metal
Science and Technology Vol.46 (personal protective equipment (PPE) suppliers/manufacturers)　
Science and Technology Vol.45　telemedicine COVID19vaccine ventilators vitaminD kidneyinjury,AKI periosteum
Science and Technology Vol.44　GeorgeRutherford,UCSF MichaelOsterholm,UMN ArtificialIntelligence BreathTestingSystem,Shimadzu,TohokuUniversity
Science and Technology Vol.43　NobelPrizes/Physiology&Medicine/Physics/Chemistry
Science and Technology Vol.42 (miscellaneous)　IgNobelPrizes heart-healthy lutein dexamethasone(Trump)
Science and Technology Vol.41 (miscellaneous)　3Dimaging/3Dprinting underwaterRobot water foodwaste nutrition planet
Science and Technology Vol.40　symptoms LosAngeles colleges,universities BigData,DataScience 3Dprinting,PPE ClimateChange Antarctica BraineatingAmoeba

#Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.20（vaccines ワクチン） ／ U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.130（Massachusetts マサチューセッツ州 Vol.4 / New York ニューヨーク州 Vol.5: pharmaceutical corporations 製薬会社 – Moderna モデルナ社、Pfizer ファイザー社）

All the below links, excerpts, and tweets are in English.

cf. #Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.19（vaccines ワクチン） ／ U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.129（New York ニューヨーク州 Vol.4 / Massachusetts マサチューセッツ州 Vol.3: pharmaceutical corporations 製薬会社 – Pfizer ファイザー社、Moderna モデルナ社）

昨日に引き続き取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

Multidose COVID-19 vaccines will test state tracking systems: People have to get two shots of the same type of vaccine (12/04/2020) | @verge
… Both take two doses, given a few weeks apart, and both could be circulating at the same time. And that’s just the two front-runners. Other multidose vaccines are still in the development pipeline.
There are a few ways states, doctors, and patients could keep the dosages straight, says Claire Hannan, executive director of the Association of Immunization Managers. In the simplest solution, everyone who gets a COVID-19 vaccine will also get a card that tells them which vaccine they had and when their next dose should be. But that’s the last line of defense in a complex vaccine tracking system. “As the backup to the backup to the backup, they’ll hand out cards,” Hannan says.
Ideally, the cards won’t be necessary because patients and doctors will be able to rely on electronic records and digital registry systems to keep track of who got which vaccine and when they got it. Through the pandemic, states have struggled with digital systems for other key areas, like COVID-19 testing – sometimes relying on fax machines and incomplete, handwritten forms to send information from testing sites to local health departments. But Hannan says the US immunization data collection systems at the state level are prepared to manage the expected crush of information from an unprecedented mass vaccination campaign like the one the country is about to start. Most tools were in place even before the pandemic hit. …
Big health systems with robust electronic health record management will likely have an easier time with this process than smaller clinics, says Howard Forman, a professor of public health, management, and economics at Yale University. “They’re used to keeping track of whether patients have had their followup appointments…
… Each state has its own Immunization Information System (IIS), a centralized registry that keeps track of every vaccine each person vaccinated in that state has received. Vaccination clinic software and electronic health records systems feed into those registries, which help doctors keep track of the vaccination records for individual patients, and also give each state big-picture data on vaccination rates in individual communities.
A state-level IIS can also notify doctors and patients when people are due for a second dose of a vaccine. They already use them to keep track of doses for the meningitis B vaccine…
The systems in place to track vaccinations today are much more advanced than they were in 2009, when the country struggled to distribute and track the H1N1 flu vaccine (which was only one shot), and electronic health records were rare. Only some states used their IIS programs. Many states had to rely on SurveyMonkey to connect with health care providers about vaccine delivery…

Moderna reaffirms 20M vaccine dose goal for December (12/04/2020) | @BosBizJournal
… The biotech has enlisted Italian firm Lonza to ramp up production to 500 million to one billion doses of the vaccine annually and Catalent Inc. to make all of the labels, seals and glass vials. Local life sciences unicorn Ginkgo Bioworks has also been helping Moderna optimize its production of raw materials for the drug.
Moderna has additionally hired another 150 employees to produce the vaccine out of its Norwood manufacturing facility. …

Moderna says its vaccine candidate has ‘potential’ to confer longer-term immunity (12/03/2020) | @MarketWatch
…National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases…
The company said it remained confident it will have 20 million doses of the vaccine candidate available in the U.S. by the end of the year, and it expects to have between 100 million and 125 million doses available globally in the first quarter of next year.
Of these, between 85 million and 100 million will be available in the U.S. and between 15 million and 25 million will be available elsewhere…

Moderna’s 3-month data raise hopes for COVID-19 vaccine durability (12/04/2020) | @FierceBiotech
… Moderna shared details of the NEJM letter alongside an update on its effort to scale up production. …
Moderna Provides Updates on the Clinical Development and Production of Its COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate (12/03/2020) | @moderna_tx
… “mRNA-1273 produced high levels of binding and neutralizing antibodies that declined slightly over time, as expected, but they remained elevated in all participants three months after the booster vaccination.”…
Durability of Responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccination (12/03/2020) | @NEJM

What it feels like to get Moderna’s COVID-19 vaccine: “It’s not pleasant, but it’s definitely worth the risk of developing these side effects to make sure we can find an end to this pandemic.” (12/03/2020) | @BostonDotCom
Saginaw doctor who took part in Moderna vaccine trial seeks to reassure public (12/04/2020) | @MLive
Moderna Says COVID Vaccine Could Create Immunity For At Least Three Months (w Video; 12/04/2020) | @wbz
New data shows people who got Moderna vaccine still had antibodies 3 months later: The data came from a small number of phase 1 participants. (04/12/2020) | @ABCNews
Continuing COVID-19 vaccine trials may put some volunteers at unnecessary risk. Is that ethical? (w Video; 12/04/2020) | @USATODAY
No legal grounds for employers to force employees to get vaccinated, say experts (12/04/2020) | @CTVNews

Canada doubles Moderna vaccine order, daily COVID-19 cases could top 10,000 by January (12/04/2020) | @reuters
… Anand also said FedEx Corp and Innomar Strategies, a Canada-based division of AmerisourceBergen, had been contracted by the federal government to provide logistical support on vaccine delivery.

Moderna COVID vaccine best for Nunavut because of storage, shipping: top doctor (12/04/2020) | @CKOMNews
… Moderna’s vaccine is preferred because the Pfizer one requires cold storage and shipping would be too difficult in Nunavut. …

Two vaccines might get emergency approval this month. Here’s what you need to know (12/01/2020) | @latimes
What about those second doses?
The CDC’s vaccine tracking system will monitor who gets a first dose and will coordinate with Pfizer and Moderna on the shipment of the second doses. This means medical centers can administer all the doses they initially receive without having to hold onto half for the second shot.
How long before I can drive to my local pharmacy and get a vaccine?
If you’re healthy and a nonessential worker, you will have to wait. Most experts feel that the immunization effort in the United States will be in high gear by late spring and early summer of 2021…

Moderna to submit Covid-19 vaccine to FDA as full results show 94% efficacy (11/30/2020) | @statnews
… Moderna said that safety data is being reviewed continuously, but that there are no new serious safety concerns. The most common adverse events included site pain, fatigue, muscle or bone pain, headaches, and redness at the injection site. The reactions were more serious in the vaccine group after patients received a second dose. The results Pfizer and BioNTech released 12 days ago for their vaccine are roughly similar. …
… Each strand of synthetic mRNA is designed to encode for a protein found on the surface of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid-19. Those mRNA strands enter the body’s cells and instruct them to produce that protein. The immune system then recognizes it as a foreign invader and produces antibodies that protect against Covid-19 if a person is later exposed to the virus.
The Covid-19 vaccine would be Moderna’s first product approved by the FDA and, assuming Pfizer’s vaccine is approved first, only the second mRNA medicine ever licensed. …

Moderna’s COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate Gets More Good News (w Voice; 11/30/2020) | @NPR
… Both use the same novel technology. Instead of injecting a weakened or dead virus, which is a common strategy for vaccines, these products are essentially small pieces of genetic material. When that’s injected into a person’s arm, it’s picked up by cells in the immune system. The cells read the genetic code and use that to produce a protein that is actually a key fragment of the coronavirus. The body then builds antibodies that latch onto that fragment, so if and when someone encounters the actual coronavirus, the body is primed to fight it off with antibodies. …

#Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.19（vaccines ワクチン） ／ U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.129（New York ニューヨーク州 Vol.4 / Massachusetts マサチューセッツ州 Vol.3: pharmaceutical corporations 製薬会社 – Pfizer ファイザー社、Moderna モデルナ社）

All the below links, excerpts, and tweets are in English.
cf.
U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.107（New York ニューヨーク州 Vol.2: pharmaceutical corporations 製薬会社）
U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.113（Massachusetts マサチューセッツ州 Vol.2: pharmaceutical corporations 製薬会社）

取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

Pfizer And Moderna Face Their Biggest Challenge: Vaccinating The World (12/03/2020) | @IBDinvestors
… The obstacles can’t be overestimated, experts say. The vaccine supply chain is mindbogglingly complex. It involves local, state and federal authorities as well as hospitals, pharmacies and doctors’ offices.
The two most advanced coronavirus vaccines must be stored at specific temperatures and given in two doses several weeks apart. Stakeholders must keep tabs on who gets which vaccine and when. And don’t forget the public perception challenges of vaccinating people with drugs that went through clinical testing at record speeds.
Experts say 60% to 80% of the world must be vaccinated to achieve herd immunity. It will be many months – or years – before that happens as vaccine makers iron out supply constraints. Besides the Covid-19 vaccine companies themselves, a raft of other parties like drug distribution company McKesson (MCK) will be involved.
…the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The agency has overseen vaccine distribution in the U.S. for decades, including the national effort to vaccinate during the H1N1 influenza pandemic in 2009.
The coronavirus vaccination effort will probably look similar to that…
First, vaccination sites will need to enroll in the CDC’s Covid-19 vaccine distribution program. These sites will include doctors’ offices, clinics, hospitals and pharmacies. The program ensures these locations have enough well-trained staff, the right equipment and space to vaccinate large numbers of people.
Then, the vaccination sites will request doses of the coronavirus vaccine through a state agency…
Public health officials will then confirm the vaccination site is approved. If so, the order will head to the CDC. …
In August, the CDC tapped McKesson to help it distribute all coronavirus vaccines. …McKesson could rely on UPS, DHL and FedEx trucks to help it get the job done.
Pfizer, on the other hand, has a bigger challenge. The company’s coronavirus vaccine must be stored at ultracold temperatures. How cold? Penguins would find these temperatures chilly. …
Moderna’s vaccine can live in a standard refrigerator for 30 days. It can also be frozen for six months. Once thawed, providers must administer the vaccine within 12 hours – or toss it out. That creates a logistical challenge for transportation.
“Moderna will be heavily reliant on external suppliers…It will be using companies like CryoPort (CYRX), Stirling Ultracold and CH Robinson (CHRW) to work out cold chain logistics plus storage and shipping management.” …
…Pfizer has developed a special shipping container that can store the coronavirus vaccine for 10 days unopened…
The vaccine can be stored in an ultracold freezer for up to six months. It can stay in the shipping container for up to 30 days when replenished with dry ice every five days. Or, the drug can be stored for five days in a standard refrigerator.
…the strict storage requirements limit where Pfizer’s vaccine can be used. Those ultracold freezers cost about $20,000 apiece. …
…”Imagine getting one dose to Appalachia, a rural community. Now imagine having to come back and making sure everyone who got the first dose also gets the second one. That’s a challenge.”
…it’s likely the Pfizer vaccine will go to more populous locations with cold-storage capabilities. Coronavirus vaccine stock Moderna will probably send its drug to more rural communities.
…expects Pfizer to generate $875 million in coronavirus vaccine sales in 2020 and $7.25 billion in 2021. Eventually, that will trend down to $700 million to $800 million each year, depending on how often people need booster shots of the vaccine. …
“The drugmaker that gets this thing out first…Overnight, Pfizer becomes one of the most loved brands in America. It’s the McDonald’s (MCD) of the pharma industry.”
COVID19 vaccine-efforts

Pfizer to Ship Half as Many Coronavirus Vaccine Doses as Originally Planned in Initial Phase (12/03/2020) | @themotleyfool
…”Scaling up the raw material supply chain took longer than expected, and it’s important to highlight that the outcome of the clinical trial was somewhat later than the initial projection.”
BNT162b2, which showed an extremely high efficacy rate of 95% with no serious safety concerns in phase 3 clinical trials, has been submitted for similar approvals throughout the European Union, and with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In the wake of the U.K. approval, Pfizer and BioNTech anticipate decisions from other major regulators this month. …

Pfizer Scaled Back Vaccine Output Targets Earlier This Year (12/03/2020) | @business
…supply-chain problems caused the New York-based drugmaker to reduce the number of vaccines…led Pfizer shares to fall as much as 3.1% and caused the wider stock market to dip. The S&P 500 ended Thursday’s trading down 0.1%. …
Moderna Inc., which has also submitted a messenger RNA-based vaccine to the FDA for emergency clearance, said in a statement on Thursday it would have between 100 million and 125 million doses available globally in the first quarter of 2021. …

UK becomes the first to approve Pfizer-BioNTech Covid vaccine, rollout due next week (12/02/2020) | @CNBC
…with elderly people in care homes and medical workers first in line. …
“The government has today accepted the recommendation from the independent Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)…
Pfizer and BioNTech announced in July an agreement with the U.K. to supply 30 million doses of its mRNA-based vaccine…increased to 40 million doses in early October. As a two-dose vaccine, the U.K. will have enough doses to vaccinate around a third of its 66 million population. …
“I consider this decision to be problematic and recommend that EU Member States do not repeat the process in the same way. A few weeks of thorough examination by the European Medicines Agency is better than a hasty emergency marketing authorization of a vaccine,” said Peter Liese, a member of German Chancellor Angela Merkel’s party…

Pfizer supply chain challenges led to slashing COVID-19 vaccine production target – WSJ (12/03/2020) | @reuters,@YahooFinance
…anticipates producing 50 million doses of its COVID-19 vaccine this year. That is down from an earlier target of 100 million doses. Pfizer’s vaccine relies on a two dose regimen, meaning 50 million doses is enough to inoculate 25 million people. …
David Perdue bought Pfizer stock – a week before company said it would develop a vaccine (12/03/2020) | @salon

Science and Technology 科学技術 Vol.14 ／ #Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.15（pharmaceutical products 医薬品 Vol.6：drugs 治療薬）

All the below links and excerpts are in English.

Tocilizumab/Atlizumab（Actemra®）に係るリンクと当方作成の抜粋を取り急ぎ以下のとおり貼っておきます。

Effect of Tocilizumab vs Usual Care in Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 and Moderate or Severe Pneumonia: A Randomized Clinical Trial (w PDF; 10/20/2020) | @JAMANetwork
PDF　
Tocilizumab1 JAMA1-1_keyTocilizumab2 JAMA1-2_effectTocilizumab3 JAMA1-3_effect

Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in COVID-19 patients: A living systematic review and meta-analysis (w PDF; 11/05/2020) | @CMIJournal
Conclusion
Cumulative moderate certainty evidence shows that tocilizumab reduces the risk of mechanical ventilation in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. While RCTs showed that tocilizumab did not reduce short-term mortality, low certainty evidence from cohort studies suggests an association between tocilizumab and lower mortality. We did not observe a higher risk of infections or adverse events with tocilizumab use. This review will continuously evaluate the role of tocilizumab in COVID-19 treatment.

Efficacy of Tocilizumab on Patients With COVID-19 (08/24/2020) | @MGHMedicine,@genentech ClinicalTrials.gov @nlm_news
Brief Summary:
This is a randomized, double blind, multi-center study to evaluate the effects of tocilizumab compared to placebo on patient outcomes in participants with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and evidence of systemic inflammation.
The aim of this study is to test the effect of Tocilizumab on multi-organ dysfunction in a phase 3 randomized controlled trial among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection.
Specifically, as compared to placebo, we will test whether tocilizumab is associated with a reduction in multi-organ dysfunction among hospitalized COVID-19 adult patients with elevated inflammatory measures. Multi-organ dysfunction will be measured as the incidence of the following composite endpoint (mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, mechanical support, need for inotropes or vasopressors, liver dysfunction (increased bilirubin), and all-cause mortality). We will also assess multiple pre-specified secondary (exploratory) endpoints and safety endpoints.
We hypothesize that, as compared to placebo, tocilizumab will reduce transfer to the ICU, need for mechanical ventilation, increase rates of hospital discharge in patients diagnosed with severe COVID-19 infection and evidence of exaggerated inflammatory response.

New results from a once-promising therapy show the difficulty of treating covid-19: In one study, the drug, tocilizumab, reduced risk of death in ICU patients, but two others found negligible results with slightly different patients (10/21/2020) | @washingtonpost
Studies offer little hope for tocilizumab in treating COVID (10/20/2020) | @CIDRAP
Time to Reassess Tocilizumab’s Role in COVID-19 Pneumonia (10/20/2020) | @JAMANetwork
Association Between Early Treatment With Tocilizumab and Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 (10/20/2020) | @JAMANetwork

Efficacy of Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19 (10/21/2020) | @NEJM
Tocilizumab for COVID-19? Three Studies Yield Mixed Findings (10/20/2020) | @JWatch
Tocilizumab for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The single-arm TOCIVID-19 prospective trial (w PDF; 21/10/2020) | Journal of Translational Medicine
Appropriate use of tocilizumab in COVID-19 infection (w PDF; 10/2020) | International Journal of Infectious Diseases @ElsevierConnect
PDF　
Tocilizumab4 IJID_Turkey

Roche’s Actemra helps keep coronavirus patients off ventilators despite earlier trial flop (09/18/2020) | @FiercePharma
…Roche is also pairing Actemra with Gilead Sciences’ antiviral Veklury, better known as remdesivir, in the phase 3 Remdacta trial. Eli Lilly’s JAK arthritis med Olumiant combined with Veklury helped patients recover faster in a recent trial run by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

Tocilizumab/IL-6 Inhibitors | @RealTimeCOVID19
Case report: use of lenzilumab and tocilizumab for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019. | @WHO
Decreased Mortality in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients Treated With Tocilizumab: A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies (w PDF; 23/09/2020) | @OUPAcademic
Tocilizumab for treatment patients with COVID-19: Recommended medication for novel disease (09/16/2020) | @NCBI
Efficacy of tocilizumab in COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (w PDF; 12/09/2020) | @WileyGlobal
Glucocorticoids, tocilizumab may reduce complications in COVID-19-related cytokine storm (09/03/2020) | @HealioRheum
Tocilizumab among patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: a multicentre observational study (w PDF; 08/14/2020) | @TheLancetRheum
Tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study (w PDF; 08/01/2020) | @TheLancetRheum
Chugai Starts Phase III Clinical Trial of Actemra for COVID-19 Pneumonia in Japan (04/08/2020) | @chugai_cc
What is the role of the IL-6 inhibitor tocilizumab (Actemra) in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? (11/10/2020) | @Medscape

Science and Technology 科学技術 Vol.13 ／ #Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.14（pharmaceutical products 医薬品 Vol.5：drugs 治療薬）

All the below links and excerpts are in English.

Convalescent plasma（回復期血漿療法）に係るリンクと当方作成の抜粋を取り急ぎ以下のとおり貼っておきます。

The FDA has authorized convalescent plasma treatment for coronavirus patients – but some scientists worry it’s too soon (08/26/2020) | @businessinsider
During the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, doctors discovered they could treat sick patients with the blood of those who had already recovered. …
Antibodies develop in plasma, the liquid portion of blood – they’re part of our body’s natural response to a foreign pathogen. So the idea behind the treatment is to help sick people mount an antibody response to the virus by transferring plasma intravenously from those who already have antibodies.
“What we really need are drugs that, when given early, can prevent a symptomatic person from requiring hospitalization or very dramatically diminish the time that they’re symptomatic,” …
… Plasma must be transferred quickly from a donor to a recipient – and both must have compatible blood types. The quantity is also limited, since it depends on blood donations. …
A national study of 35,000 hospitalized coronavirus patients, which is still awaiting peer review, found that patients less than 80 years old who weren’t on a respirator and received plasma containing high levels of antibodies within three days of their diagnosis had a 35% lower mortality rate than those who were treated four or more days after their diagnosis.
The process of creating hyperimmune globulin involves pooling plasma from recovered patients and heat-treating it so that any remaining pathogens get destroyed. The result is a vial of medicine with consistent antibody levels that can easily be administered to patients. The drug focuses on the most common antibody found in blood ? immunoglobulin G (IgG) – which usually confers long-term immunity.
… The Mount Sinai Hospital … working with Emergent BioSolutions, a Maryland-based biopharmaceutical company, to develop a hyperimmune globulin product. …
… “The Fight Is In Us” … The coalition hopes to secure regulatory approval from the FDA by the end of 2020. …

Why we don’t know if convalescent plasma works to treat Covid-19 (08/29/2020) | @qz
… “There’s no money to be made in plasma,” says Jeffrey Henderson, a physician and infectious disease researcher at Washington University St. Louis. Because it’s a biological product, it can’t be patented or sold for a profit. As a result, no single research group or company has funded a large, randomized controlled trial of plasma, the highest standard of clinical evidence. …
It isn’t cheap: Between 2012 and 2018, the median cost of bringing a drug to market was $985 million, about $19 million of which goes to clinical research. Typically, drug companies are happy to invest. Once their product is approved, they can sell it at a price that makes up for the loss (and then some). …
…expanded access program (EAP), a network spearheaded by researchers at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota…
… Eventually, the EAP program got some funding from the US Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority…
…Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York…

Takeda, CSL-led alliance starts scaling up production of COVID-19 plasma therapy as phase 3 kicks off: report (10/13/2020) | @fiercepharma
… The clinical batches were produced at Takeda’s U.S. facility in Georgia and CSL’s site in Bern, Switzerland. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in the U.S. is running the trial. …
Eli Lilly and Regeneron have reported encouraging results for their antibody cocktails, each of which combines two synthetic monoclonal antibodies. While those products have less antibody variety, they only used donated plasma to help identify the antibodies with the most promise in fighting COVID. …

DOD Awards $750,000 to Plasma Technologies, LLC for Manufacturing of Convalescent Plasma Products Using a Novel Process in Support of the U.S. COVID-19 Response (08/17/2020) | DOD
… The Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (JPEO-CBRND) partnered with HHS and the Army Contracting Command – Aberdeen Proving Ground (ACC-APG), to select Plasma Technologies, LLC for this cooperative agreement. Plasma Technologies, LLC, a plasma biologics technology company, is located in Charleston, South Carolina. …

Plasma Therapy Global Market Report 2020-30: Covid 19 Growth and Change (07/30/2020) | CISION
Major players in the plasma therapy market are Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Bio Products Laboratory Ltd., Arthrex, Inc., Biotest AG, China Biologic Products Holdings, Inc., DePuy Synthes Companies, CSL Limited, Grifols, S.A., Octapharma, and Terumo BCT, Inc. …
The global plasma therapy market is expected to grow from $187.67 million in 2019 to $246.95 million in 2020 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 31.6%. The growth is mainly attributed to the COVID-19 outbreak and the urgent need to treat a growing number of cases. …
… In March 2020, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited has initiated a plasma-therapy, Anti-SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal hyperimmune globulin (H-IG), which is termed as TAK-888 for treating COVID-19. The TAK-888 utilizes the plasma collected from convalescent donors who have been cured of COVID-19 and is administered to the patient suffering from COVID-19.

CoVIg-19 Plasma Alliance Builds Strong Momentum Through Expanded Membership and Clinical Trial Collaboration (05/07/2020) | @TakedaPharma
… In addition to those announced at its inception – Biotest, BPL, CSL Behring, LFB, Octapharma and Takeda – the Alliance welcomes new industry members ADMA Biologics, BioPharma Plasma, GC Pharma, and Sanquin. …
In parallel, the Alliance has confirmed it will work with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at the NIH to test the safety, tolerability and efficacy of the hyperimmune therapy in adult patients with COVID-19. This global study is currently anticipated to start in the summer…
“Hyperimmune globulin therapy has the potential to be one of the earliest treatment options for COVID-19, and we look forward to working with NIAID and health authorities to bring this therapy to patients as early as possible,” …
… To amplify awareness, the Alliance has gained support from large organizations outside of the plasma industry. Examples of those offering resources to the Alliance include Microsoft and Uber Health. Microsoft is providing technology support, including the Alliance website and the Plasmabot for donor recruitment. The Plasmabot streamlines the process for a potential donor to quickly gain information about their nearest collection center from across the member network. In parallel, Uber Health has agreed to donate 25,000 round-trip rides to transport potentially eligible donors to and from plasma collection centers. …

Global Plasma Leaders Collaborate to Accelerate Development of Potential COVID-19 Hyperimmune Therapy (04/06/2020) | @TakedaPharma
Biotest, BPL, LFB, and Octapharma have joined an alliance formed by CSL Behring (ASX:CSL/USOTC:CSLLY) and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (TSE:4502/NYSE:TAK) to develop a potential plasma-derived therapy for treating COVID-19. The alliance will begin immediately with the investigational development of one, unbranded anti-SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal hyperimmune immunoglobulin medicine…

Trump admin funds plasma company based in owner’s condo (02/11/2020) | @ABCNews
Plasma Technologies LLC, Pepcid, ApiJect Systems America, Novavax
ThermoGenesis and ImmuneCyte Joint Venture Developing Several Convalescent Plasma and Antibody Therapeutic Approaches Against COVID-19, Featured on FOX40 and Other Local News Outlets (04/24/2020) | @biospace
Takeda, Other Firms Test Covid-19 Convalescent-Plasma Treatment: NIH funds study of high antibody concentrations combined with the antiviral remdesivir (10/08/2020) | @WSJ

U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.128（Illinois イリノイ州 Vol.3: healthcare corporations ヘルスケア会社）

All the below link and tweets are in English.

取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

Illinois Vol.14 (corporations: Baxter International)

上記リンク内に無い本日までのツイート


　https://twitter.com/baxter_intl/status/1253397642891198464


　https://twitter.com/baxter_intl/status/1260972247440900097


　https://twitter.com/baxter_intl/status/1254872455186993153


　https://twitter.com/baxter_intl/status/1235582637282123778


https://twitter.com/Paul_Wischmeyer/status/1258147535354425344


https://twitter.com/STBHF/status/1300522576242855936

ツイッター検索で 上記製薬会社名 及び Japan や 日本の5製薬会社各社名 を入れて出て来たもの

Australia オーストラリア Vol.10（pharmaceutical corporations 製薬会社）

All the below links and tweets are in English.

取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

CSL（豪）の子会社
Pennsylvania Vol.11 (corporations: CSL Behring) / Australia Vol.29
UK Vol.173 (pharmaceutical corporations: Seqirus) / Australia Vol.30

上記リンク内に無い本日までのツイート


https://twitter.com/SamDForever1/status/1325970911258836992


https://twitter.com/DayofImmunology/status/1325371202831962112


https://twitter.com/CSLBehring/status/1322931444545703938


https://twitter.com/thalassaemiaTIF/status/1325715357408120835

ツイッター検索で 上記製薬会社名 及び Japan や 日本の5製薬会社各社名 を入れて出て来たもの

Germany ドイツ Vol.5（pharmaceutical corporations 製薬会社）

All the below link and tweets are in English.

取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

Germany Vol.23 (pharmaceutical corporations: BioNTech)

上記リンク内に無い本日までのツイート


https://twitter.com/InvestFlanders/status/1323176383582011394


https://twitter.com/en_germany/status/1317834581048020993


ツイッター検索で 上記製薬会社名 及び Japan や 日本の5製薬会社各社名 を入れて出て来たもの

Science and Technology 科学技術 Vol.12（pharmaceutical products 医薬品 Vol.5：influenza vaccines インフルエンザワクチン）

All the below links and excerpts are in English.

取り急ぎ標記関連リンクと当方作成の抜粋を以下のとおり貼っておきます。

Key Facts About Seasonal Flu Vaccine | @CDCgov
FluVaccines_CDC1-table1FluVaccines_CDC2-recommended&viruses
Flu Vaccination
How do flu vaccines work?
Flu vaccines cause antibodies to develop in the body about two weeks after vaccination. These antibodies provide protection against infection with the viruses that are used to make the vaccine.
The seasonal flu vaccine protects against the influenza viruses that research indicates will be most common during the upcoming season. Most flu vaccines in the United States protect against four different flu viruses (“quadrivalent”); an influenza A (H1N1) virus, an influenza A (H3N2) virus, and two influenza B viruses. There are also some flu vaccines that protect against three different flu viruses (“trivalent”); an influenza A (H1N1) virus, an influenza A (H3N2) virus, and one influenza B virus. Two of the trivalent vaccines are designed specifically for people 65 and older to create a stronger immune response.
What kinds of flu vaccines are available?
CDC recommends use of any licensed, age-appropriate influenza vaccine during the 2020-2021 influenza season, including inactivated influenza vaccine [IIV], recombinant influenza vaccine [RIV], or live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). No preference is expressed for any influenza vaccine over another. Both trivalent (three-ingredient) and quadrivalent (four-ingredient) influenza vaccines will be available.
Quadrivalent flu vaccines include:
Standard-dose quadrivalent influenza shots that are manufactured using virus grown in eggs. These include Afluria Quadrivalent, Fluarix Quadrivalent, FluLaval Quadrivalent, and Fluzone Quadrivalent. Different influenza shots are licensed for different age groups. These four vaccines are approved for people 6 months of age and older. Most influenza shots are given in an arm muscle with a needle. One quadrivalent influenza shot (Afluria Quadrivalent) can be given either with a needle (for people aged 6 months and older) or with a jet injector (for people aged 18 through 64 years only). …
Are any of the available flu vaccines recommended over others?
…the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends…including inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV), recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV), or live attenuated nasal spray influenza vaccine (LAIV4)…
Who Should Not Be Vaccinated?
… Factors that can determine a person’s suitability for vaccination, or vaccination with a particular vaccine, include a person’s age, health (current and past) and any allergies to flu vaccine or its components. …
Flu and COVID-19
Does a flu vaccine increase your risk of getting COVID-19?
Vaccine Effectiveness
Can I get seasonal flu even though I got a flu vaccine this year?
What protection does a flu vaccine provide if I do get sick with flu?
Vaccine Benefits
What are the benefits of flu vaccination?
Vaccine Match
What if circulating viruses and the vaccine viruses are different?
Why is there sometimes not a good match between a vaccine virus and circulating viruses?
Flu viruses are constantly changing (called “antigenic drift”) ? they can change from one season to the next or they can even change within the course of one flu season. Experts must pick which viruses to include in the vaccine many months in advance in order for vaccine to be produced and delivered on time. …
… While all influenza viruses undergo changes when they are grown in eggs, changes in influenza A(H3N2) viruses are more likely to result in antigenic changes compared with changes in other influenza viruses. These so-called “egg-adapted changes” are present in most of the vaccine viruses recommended for use in egg-based vaccine production and may reduce their potential effectiveness against circulating influenza viruses. …
Vaccine Side Effects (What to Expect)
Can a flu vaccine give me flu?
No, a flu vaccine cannot cause flu illness. …
What side effects can occur after getting a flu vaccine?

Flu Vaccine (Flu Shot) | @MedicineNet
Facts you should know about the influenza vaccine (flu shot)
・Types of influenza (flu) vaccines include the injection (killed virus), recombinant (made without flu virus), and nasal spray vaccines (containing live virus). …
What is influenza (flu)?
… Flu is a respiratory infection, that is, an infection that develops primarily in the lungs. People often call respiratory infections caused by other viruses the flu, but this is incorrect. These other infections are usually categorized as URIs (upper respiratory infections) and have multiple causes. …
Influenza viruses are divided scientifically into three types, designated A, B, and C. Influenza types A and B are responsible for epidemics of respiratory illness that occur almost every winter. Influenza type C usually causes either a very mild respiratory illness or no symptoms at all; it does not cause epidemics and does not have the severe public health impact of influenza types A and B. Type A viruses are divided into subtypes and are named based on differences in two viral surface proteins called hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). There are 16 known H subtypes and nine known N subtypes. …
The so-called swine flu pandemic of 2009 was caused by a novel influenza A virus designated H1N1 based upon its surface protein types. This virus was originally referred to as swine flu because many of the genes in this new virus were very similar to influenza viruses that normally occur in pigs in North America. However, this virus was actually quite different from the typical swine flu viruses found in pigs.

Types of seasonal influenza vaccine | @WHO_Europe
Two types of influenza vaccine are widely available: inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV) and live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV). Traditionally, influenza vaccines (both IIV and LAIV) have been produced to protect against 3 different seasonal influenza viruses (also called trivalent vaccines). In most countries this is still the case and the current trivalent vaccines contain influenza A(H3N2), pandemic A(H1N1) and 1 of 2 influenza B lineage viruses. However, recently vaccines which protect against 4 different viruses, including both influenza B lineage viruses (quadrivalent vaccines), have become available in some countries. …
Annual selection of viruses
The composition of influenza vaccines (both IIV and LAIV) are updated annually by WHO based on information gathered from the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS)…

Flu vaccine | @NHSuk
Flu vaccine and coronavirus (COVID-19)
Flu vaccination is important because:
・if you’re at higher risk from coronavirus, you’re also more at risk of problems from flu
・if you get flu and coronavirus at the same time, research shows you’re more likely to be seriously ill
・it’ll help to reduce pressure on the NHS and social care staff who may be dealing with coronavirus
If you’ve had COVID-19, it’s safe to have the flu vaccine. It’ll be effective at helping to prevent flu.

Influenza Vaccine for the 2020-2021 Season | @US_FDA
Influenza Vaccine (Flu Shot and Nasal Spray) for Adults | @WebMD
Q&A on Influenza (English; 11/21/2019) | 厚生労働省

Science and Technology 科学技術 Vol.11 ／ #Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.13（pharmaceutical products 医薬品 Vol.4：drugs 治療薬）

All the below links and excerpts are in English.

リンクと当方作成の抜粋を取り急ぎ以下のとおり貼っておきます。

COVID-19 (coronavirus) drugs: Are there any that work? | @MayoClinic
… Remdesivir …
・Antiviral drugs. In addition to remdesivir, other antiviral drugs being tested include favipiravir and merimepodib. …
・Dexamethasone. …reduces the risk for deaths by about 30% for people on ventilators and by about 20% for people who needed supplemental oxygen. … Other corticosteroids, such as prednisone, methylprednisolone or hydrocortisone, may be used if dexamethasone isn’t available. However, their effectiveness isn’t yet known. …
・Anti-inflammatory therapy. …
・Immune-based therapy. … Convalescent plasma is blood donated by people who’ve recovered from COVID-19. …mesenchymal stem cells and monoclonal antibodies.
・… Researchers study amlodipine and losartan. But it’s not yet…
・Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. These malaria drugs… the FDA withdrew that authorization…
・Drugs to prevent COVID-19. …

The Latest Research on COVID-19 Treatments and Medications in the Pipeline (10/23/2020) | @GoodRx
Commonly used treatments for COVID-19 and therapies with emergency use authorizations (EUAs)
・Remdesivir (Veklury)
・Dexamethasone
・Convalescent plasma
New treatments in early phase studies
・Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) … Regeneron and Eli Lilly are two companies that both have MABs in development for COVID-19, currently called REGN-COV2 and LY-CoV555, respectively. …
Treatments that the NIH recommend against using for COVID-19
・Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine
・Azithromycin … One research group looked at azithromycin in combination with hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19. They reported that 93% of patients cleared the virus after 8 days, but there was no control group so we don’t know if people would have cleared the virus on their own without the medications. There are concerns about potentially serious side effects when using azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine together. The NIH currently recommends against using azithromycin for COVID-19.
・Tocilizumab (Actemra) and other IL-6 inhibitors … By blocking IL-6, tocilizumab helps to calm down the immune system and is believed to also help with managing cytokine storms.
Research on tocilizumab started with a study from France, which reported that people who got tocilizumab were less likely to require ventilation or die. Another study from Italy found that those who got tocilizumab had a lower death rate, though about the same percentage of patients from both groups needed ventilators. On the other hand, tocilizumab did not help COVID-19 patients with early-stage pneumonia. A phase 3 study from the manufacturer also found that tocilizumab did not help for hospitalized COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia. …
… They showed that patients with severe symptoms who got Kevzara did worse compared to placebo, but patients who had even more severe (critical) symptoms improved compared to placebo. …
・Kinase inhibitors … acalabrutinib (Calquence); baricitinib (Olumiant); ruxolitinib (Jakafi); tofacitinib (Xeljanz) …
・Interferons
・Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir)
・Ivermectin
Repurposed medications with minimal COVID-19 data
・Tamiflu (oseltamivir)
・Avigan (favipiravir) and other antiviral medications … In vitro studies have shown that high doses of favipiravir were able to prevent human cells from being infected with SARS-CoV-2. …
・Colcrys (colchicine)

Coronavirus Drug and Treatment Tracker (10/29/2020) | @nytimes
Coronavirus_Treatment-Tracker-nytimes
Blocking the Virus – Antivirals can stop viruses such as H.I.V. and hepatitis C from hijacking our cells. …
・Remdesivir
・Favipiravir
・Molnupiravir
・Recombinant ACE-2
・Ivermectin
・Oleandrin
・Lopinavir and ritonavir
・Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine
Mimicking the Immune System -… Drugs might help people who can’t mount an adequate defense.
・Convalescent plasma
・Monoclonal antibodies
・Interferons
Putting Out Friendly Fire – The most severe symptoms of Covid-19 are the result of the immune system’s overreaction to the virus. …
・Dexamethasone and Other Corticosteroids
・Cytokine Inhibitors
・Blood filtration systems
・Stem cells
Other Treatments …
Pseudoscience and Fraud …

Treatments for COVID-19: What helps, what doesn’t, and what’s in the pipeline (10/23/2020) | @HarvardHealth