Germany ドイツ Vol.5(pharmaceutical corporations 製薬会社)

All the below link and tweets are in English.

取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

Germany Vol.23 (pharmaceutical corporations: BioNTech)

上記リンク内に無い本日までのツイート


https://twitter.com/InvestFlanders/status/1323176383582011394


https://twitter.com/en_germany/status/1317834581048020993


ツイッター検索で 上記製薬会社名 及び Japan や 日本の5製薬会社各社名 を入れて出て来たもの

U.K. イギリス Vol.31(pharmaceutical corporations 製薬会社)

All the below link and tweets are in English.

取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

UK Vol.170 (pharmaceutical corporations: GlaxoSmithKline)

上記リンク内に無い本日までのツイート


https://twitter.com/scibus/status/1321454739364728834
https://twitter.com/MSF_access/status/1321890170808008706
https://twitter.com/MSF_access/status/1321935282971807744


https://twitter.com/UN_SPHS/status/1321745134149656576


https://twitter.com/TomDoddFCDO1/status/1321891577317511169


ツイッター検索で 上記製薬会社名 及び Japan や 日本の5製薬会社各社名 を入れて出て来たもの


https://twitter.com/GSK/status/1275710004411187206
https://twitter.com/GSK/status/880055699820093440

Science and Technology 科学技術 Vol.12(pharmaceutical products 医薬品 Vol.5:influenza vaccines インフルエンザワクチン)

All the below links and excerpts are in English.

取り急ぎ標記関連リンクと当方作成の抜粋を以下のとおり貼っておきます。

Key Facts About Seasonal Flu Vaccine | @CDCgov
FluVaccines_CDC1-table1FluVaccines_CDC2-recommended&viruses
Flu Vaccination
How do flu vaccines work?
Flu vaccines cause antibodies to develop in the body about two weeks after vaccination. These antibodies provide protection against infection with the viruses that are used to make the vaccine.
The seasonal flu vaccine protects against the influenza viruses that research indicates will be most common during the upcoming season. Most flu vaccines in the United States protect against four different flu viruses (“quadrivalent”); an influenza A (H1N1) virus, an influenza A (H3N2) virus, and two influenza B viruses. There are also some flu vaccines that protect against three different flu viruses (“trivalent”); an influenza A (H1N1) virus, an influenza A (H3N2) virus, and one influenza B virus. Two of the trivalent vaccines are designed specifically for people 65 and older to create a stronger immune response.
What kinds of flu vaccines are available?
CDC recommends use of any licensed, age-appropriate influenza vaccine during the 2020-2021 influenza season, including inactivated influenza vaccine [IIV], recombinant influenza vaccine [RIV], or live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). No preference is expressed for any influenza vaccine over another. Both trivalent (three-ingredient) and quadrivalent (four-ingredient) influenza vaccines will be available.
Quadrivalent flu vaccines include:
Standard-dose quadrivalent influenza shots that are manufactured using virus grown in eggs. These include Afluria Quadrivalent, Fluarix Quadrivalent, FluLaval Quadrivalent, and Fluzone Quadrivalent. Different influenza shots are licensed for different age groups. These four vaccines are approved for people 6 months of age and older. Most influenza shots are given in an arm muscle with a needle. One quadrivalent influenza shot (Afluria Quadrivalent) can be given either with a needle (for people aged 6 months and older) or with a jet injector (for people aged 18 through 64 years only). …
Are any of the available flu vaccines recommended over others?
…the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends…including inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV), recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV), or live attenuated nasal spray influenza vaccine (LAIV4)…
Who Should Not Be Vaccinated?
… Factors that can determine a person’s suitability for vaccination, or vaccination with a particular vaccine, include a person’s age, health (current and past) and any allergies to flu vaccine or its components. …
Flu and COVID-19
Does a flu vaccine increase your risk of getting COVID-19?
Vaccine Effectiveness
Can I get seasonal flu even though I got a flu vaccine this year?
What protection does a flu vaccine provide if I do get sick with flu?
Vaccine Benefits
What are the benefits of flu vaccination?
Vaccine Match
What if circulating viruses and the vaccine viruses are different?
Why is there sometimes not a good match between a vaccine virus and circulating viruses?
Flu viruses are constantly changing (called “antigenic drift”) ? they can change from one season to the next or they can even change within the course of one flu season. Experts must pick which viruses to include in the vaccine many months in advance in order for vaccine to be produced and delivered on time. …
… While all influenza viruses undergo changes when they are grown in eggs, changes in influenza A(H3N2) viruses are more likely to result in antigenic changes compared with changes in other influenza viruses. These so-called “egg-adapted changes” are present in most of the vaccine viruses recommended for use in egg-based vaccine production and may reduce their potential effectiveness against circulating influenza viruses. …
Vaccine Side Effects (What to Expect)
Can a flu vaccine give me flu?
No, a flu vaccine cannot cause flu illness. …
What side effects can occur after getting a flu vaccine?

Flu Vaccine (Flu Shot) | @MedicineNet
Facts you should know about the influenza vaccine (flu shot)
・Types of influenza (flu) vaccines include the injection (killed virus), recombinant (made without flu virus), and nasal spray vaccines (containing live virus). …
What is influenza (flu)?
… Flu is a respiratory infection, that is, an infection that develops primarily in the lungs. People often call respiratory infections caused by other viruses the flu, but this is incorrect. These other infections are usually categorized as URIs (upper respiratory infections) and have multiple causes. …
Influenza viruses are divided scientifically into three types, designated A, B, and C. Influenza types A and B are responsible for epidemics of respiratory illness that occur almost every winter. Influenza type C usually causes either a very mild respiratory illness or no symptoms at all; it does not cause epidemics and does not have the severe public health impact of influenza types A and B. Type A viruses are divided into subtypes and are named based on differences in two viral surface proteins called hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). There are 16 known H subtypes and nine known N subtypes. …
The so-called swine flu pandemic of 2009 was caused by a novel influenza A virus designated H1N1 based upon its surface protein types. This virus was originally referred to as swine flu because many of the genes in this new virus were very similar to influenza viruses that normally occur in pigs in North America. However, this virus was actually quite different from the typical swine flu viruses found in pigs.

Types of seasonal influenza vaccine | @WHO_Europe
Two types of influenza vaccine are widely available: inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV) and live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV). Traditionally, influenza vaccines (both IIV and LAIV) have been produced to protect against 3 different seasonal influenza viruses (also called trivalent vaccines). In most countries this is still the case and the current trivalent vaccines contain influenza A(H3N2), pandemic A(H1N1) and 1 of 2 influenza B lineage viruses. However, recently vaccines which protect against 4 different viruses, including both influenza B lineage viruses (quadrivalent vaccines), have become available in some countries. …
Annual selection of viruses
The composition of influenza vaccines (both IIV and LAIV) are updated annually by WHO based on information gathered from the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS)…

Flu vaccine | @NHSuk
Flu vaccine and coronavirus (COVID-19)
Flu vaccination is important because:
・if you’re at higher risk from coronavirus, you’re also more at risk of problems from flu
・if you get flu and coronavirus at the same time, research shows you’re more likely to be seriously ill
・it’ll help to reduce pressure on the NHS and social care staff who may be dealing with coronavirus
If you’ve had COVID-19, it’s safe to have the flu vaccine. It’ll be effective at helping to prevent flu.

Influenza Vaccine for the 2020-2021 Season | @US_FDA
Influenza Vaccine (Flu Shot and Nasal Spray) for Adults | @WebMD
Q&A on Influenza (English; 11/21/2019) | 厚生労働省

Science and Technology 科学技術 Vol.11 / #Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.13(pharmaceutical products 医薬品 Vol.4:drugs 治療薬)

All the below links and excerpts are in English.

リンクと当方作成の抜粋を取り急ぎ以下のとおり貼っておきます。

COVID-19 (coronavirus) drugs: Are there any that work? | @MayoClinic
Remdesivir
Antiviral drugs. In addition to remdesivir, other antiviral drugs being tested include favipiravir and merimepodib. …
Dexamethasone. …reduces the risk for deaths by about 30% for people on ventilators and by about 20% for people who needed supplemental oxygen. … Other corticosteroids, such as prednisone, methylprednisolone or hydrocortisone, may be used if dexamethasone isn’t available. However, their effectiveness isn’t yet known. …
Anti-inflammatory therapy.
Immune-based therapy. … Convalescent plasma is blood donated by people who’ve recovered from COVID-19. …mesenchymal stem cells and monoclonal antibodies.
・… Researchers study amlodipine and losartan. But it’s not yet…
Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. These malaria drugs… the FDA withdrew that authorization…
Drugs to prevent COVID-19.

The Latest Research on COVID-19 Treatments and Medications in the Pipeline (10/23/2020) | @GoodRx
Commonly used treatments for COVID-19 and therapies with emergency use authorizations (EUAs)
Remdesivir (Veklury)
Dexamethasone
Convalescent plasma
New treatments in early phase studies
Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) … Regeneron and Eli Lilly are two companies that both have MABs in development for COVID-19, currently called REGN-COV2 and LY-CoV555, respectively. …
Treatments that the NIH recommend against using for COVID-19
Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine
Azithromycin … One research group looked at azithromycin in combination with hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19. They reported that 93% of patients cleared the virus after 8 days, but there was no control group so we don’t know if people would have cleared the virus on their own without the medications. There are concerns about potentially serious side effects when using azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine together. The NIH currently recommends against using azithromycin for COVID-19.
Tocilizumab (Actemra) and other IL-6 inhibitors … By blocking IL-6, tocilizumab helps to calm down the immune system and is believed to also help with managing cytokine storms.
Research on tocilizumab started with a study from France, which reported that people who got tocilizumab were less likely to require ventilation or die. Another study from Italy found that those who got tocilizumab had a lower death rate, though about the same percentage of patients from both groups needed ventilators. On the other hand, tocilizumab did not help COVID-19 patients with early-stage pneumonia. A phase 3 study from the manufacturer also found that tocilizumab did not help for hospitalized COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia. …
… They showed that patients with severe symptoms who got Kevzara did worse compared to placebo, but patients who had even more severe (critical) symptoms improved compared to placebo. …
Kinase inhibitors … acalabrutinib (Calquence); baricitinib (Olumiant); ruxolitinib (Jakafi); tofacitinib (Xeljanz) …
Interferons
Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir)
Ivermectin
Repurposed medications with minimal COVID-19 data
Tamiflu (oseltamivir)
Avigan (favipiravir) and other antiviral medications … In vitro studies have shown that high doses of favipiravir were able to prevent human cells from being infected with SARS-CoV-2. …
Colcrys (colchicine)

Coronavirus Drug and Treatment Tracker (10/29/2020) | @nytimes
Coronavirus_Treatment-Tracker-nytimes
Blocking the Virus – Antivirals can stop viruses such as H.I.V. and hepatitis C from hijacking our cells. …
Remdesivir
Favipiravir
Molnupiravir
Recombinant ACE-2
Ivermectin
Oleandrin
Lopinavir and ritonavir
Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine
Mimicking the Immune System -… Drugs might help people who can’t mount an adequate defense.
Convalescent plasma
Monoclonal antibodies
Interferons
Putting Out Friendly Fire – The most severe symptoms of Covid-19 are the result of the immune system’s overreaction to the virus. …
Dexamethasone and Other Corticosteroids
Cytokine Inhibitors
Blood filtration systems
Stem cells
Other Treatments
Pseudoscience and Fraud

Treatments for COVID-19: What helps, what doesn’t, and what’s in the pipeline (10/23/2020) | @HarvardHealth

U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.124(Maryland メリーランド州 Vol.2: pharmaceutical corporations 製薬会社)

All the below link and tweets are in English.

取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

Maryland Vol.9 (corporations: Novavax)

上記リンク内に無い本日までのツイート

ツイッター検索で 上記製薬会社名 及び Japan や 日本の5製薬会社各社名 を入れて出て来たもの


https://twitter.com/Reuters/status/1291764717330071557

World 世界情勢等 Vol.7

All the below links are in English.

取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

World Vol.51
World Vol.50
World Vol.49
World Vol.48
World Vol.47
World Vol.46
World Vol.45
World Vol.44
World Vol.43
World Vol.42
World Vol.41

Science and Technology 科学技術 Vol.10 / #Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.12(pharmaceutical products 医薬品 Vol.3:vaccines ワクチン)

All the below links and excerpts are in English.

標記関連リンクと当方作成の一部抜粋を取り急ぎ以下のとおり貼っておきます。
(The below Vaccine Tracker is from @nytimes.)

Coronavirus_Vaccine-Tracker-nytimes
Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker (10/24/2020) | @nytimes
〇 Genetic Vaccines – Vaccines that deliver…coronavirus’s own genes into our cells to provoke an immune response.
• Moderna & National Institutes of Health [PHASE 3] mRNA
…planned to wait until a significant number of volunteers became sick with Covid-19 and then see how many had been vaccinated. It may take till the end of 2020 or early 2021 to reach the necessary numbers.
• BioNTech & Pfizer & Fosun Pharma (China) [PHASE 2 & 3] mRNA
… Pfizer and BioNTech would not apply for an emergency use authorization before late November at the earliest. …
…will have to be chilled to minus 80 degrees Celsius (minus 112 degrees Fahrenheit) until it’s ready to be injected.
• Zydus Cadila (India) [PHASE 2] DNA-based
• CureVac (Germany) [PHASE 2] mRNA
• Imperial College London (UK) & Morningside Ventures (UK) [PHASE 1 & 2] “self-amplifying” RNA
• AnGes (Japan) & Osaka University (Japan) & Takara Bio (Japan) [PHASE 1 & 2] DNA-based
• Arcturus Therapeutics (CA) & Duke-NUS Medical School (Singapore) [PHASE 1 & 2] mRNA
• Inovio (PA) [PHASE 1] DNA-based
• Genexine (South Korea) [PHASE 1] DNA-based
• Academy of Military Medical Sciences (China) & Suzhou Abogen Biosciences (China) & Walvax Biotechnology (China) [PHASE 1] mRNA-based
• Chulalongkorn University (Thailand) & Chula Vaccine Research Center (Thailand) [PHASE 1] mRNA-based
• Entos Pharmaceuticals (Canada) [PHASE 1] DNA
• Sanofi (France) & Translate Bio (MA) [PRECLINICAL] mRNA

〇 Viral Vector Vaccines – Vaccines that contain viruses engineered to carry coronavirus genes. …
• CanSino Biologics (China) & Academy of Military Medical Sciences (China) [PHASE 3]
• Gamaleya Research Institute (Russia) [PHASE 3]
• Johnson&Johnson & Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (MA) [PHASE 3]
• AstraZeneca & University of Oxford [PHASE 2 & 3]
ReiThera (Italy) & Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases (Italy);Vaxart (CA);Merck & Themis Bioscience (Austria) & Institut Pasteur (France);German Center for Infection Research (Germany);Merck & IAVI (NY);ImmunityBio (CA);Novartis …
〇 Protein-Based Vaccines – Vaccines that contain coronavirus proteins but no genetic material. …
• Novavax [PHASE 3]
• Anhui Zhifei Longcom (China) & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (China) [PHASE 2]
Finlay Vaccine Institute (Cuba);Vector Institute (Russia);Sanofi & GSK、SpyBiotech (UK);Clover Biopharmaceuticals (China) & GSK & Dynavax (CA); University of Queensland (Australia) & CSL (Australia);Medicago (Canada) & GSK & Dynavax;Vaxine (Australia);Kentucky BioProcessing (KY);Medigen (Taiwan) & Dynavax;Adimmune (Taiwan);COVAXX (NY) …
〇 Inactivated or Attenuated Coronavirus Vaccines – Vaccines created from weakened coronaviruses…
• Wuhan Institute of Biological Products (China) [PHASE 3]
• Sinopharm (China) [PHASE 3]
• Sinovac Biotech (China) [PHASE 3]
• Indian Council of Medical Research (India) & National Institute of Virology (India) & Bharat Biotech (India) [PHASE 3]
…..

Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca coronavirus vaccine trials set to resume: Investigators found the unexplained illnesses in both trials appeared unconnected to the vaccines (10/24/2020) | @washingtonpost
… In the Johnson & Johnson trial, which was paused on Oct. 12, a man who received a vaccination suffered a stroke that may have been triggered by an infection. To conclude it was not likely to be related to the shot, investigators probed not only the medical details of the event, but also examined a safety database of 100,000 people who have received vaccines that use the same underlying technology. …
… The company is testing the only vaccine that aims to protect people with a single shot; other prospective vaccines require a return visit and second shot three to four weeks after the first to trigger a protective immune response.
It was the second late-stage vaccine trial put on hold in recent weeks; the vaccine being developed by AstraZeneca and the University of Oxford was halted on Sept. 6 after a British participant developed a neurological problem. …
… Carlos del Rio, an infectious diseases physician at Emory University School of Medicine. “As long as the data and safety monitoring board has reviewed the data and says its OK to proceed, we proceed.”
… William Hartman, a principal investigator of the AstraZeneca trial at the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics. “It is too soon to tell whether participant enthusiasm will approach what it was prior to the pause. …

Covid: More coronavirus vaccine trials in Wales ‘within weeks’ (24/10/2020) | @BBC

Rush for results could lead to inferior Covid vaccine, say scientists (25/10/2020) | @guardian

Dozens of COVID-19 vaccines are in development. Here are the ones to follow. : Here are the COVID-19 vaccine prospects that have made it to phase three trials and beyond. (10/13/2020) | @NatGeo
• Novavax (MD) NVX-CoV2373
• Johnson & Johnson (NJ) JNJ-78436735
• Moderna Therapeutics (MA) mRNA-1273
• Pfizer (NY) & BioNTech (Germany) BNT162b2
• University of Oxford (UK) & AstraZeneca (UK) ChAdOx1 nCoV-19
• Sinovac (China) & Butantan (Brazil) CoronaVac
• Sinopharm (China) & Wuhan Institute of Biological Products (China) None
• Murdoch Children’s Research Institute (Australia) & University of Melbourne (Australia) Bacillus Calmette-Guerin BRACE trial
• CanSino Biologics (China) Ad5-nCoV
• The Gamaleya National Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology (Russia) Sputnik V

U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.123(New Jersey ニュージャージー州 Vol.4: pharmaceutical corporations 製薬会社)

All the below link and tweets are in English.

Vol.122 (New Jersey ニュージャージー州 Vol.3: pharmaceutical corporations 製薬会社)の続き

ツイッター検索で 上記製薬会社名 及び Japan や 日本の5製薬会社各社名 を入れて出て来たもの


@MSD_JAPAN


https://twitter.com/LRamseu/status/1312391912956010498

U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.122(New Jersey ニュージャージー州 Vol.3: pharmaceutical corporations 製薬会社)

All the below link and tweets are in English.

取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。Vol.123(New Jersey ニュージャージー州 Vol.4: pharmaceutical corporations 製薬会社)もご覧ください。

New Jersey Vol.10 (corporations: Merck (Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD) outside the U.S. & Canada))

上記リンク内に無い本日までのツイート


https://twitter.com/FriendsOfSheba/status/1318279650842464259


https://twitter.com/APSForg/status/1318913714825940992

U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.119(California カリフォルニア州 Vol.3: pharmaceutical corporations 製薬会社)

All the below link and tweets are in English.

取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。
California Vol.26 (corporations: Gilead Sciences)

上記リンク内に無い本日までのツイート


https://twitter.com/SDRegionalEDC/status/1319400169650073600

ツイッター検索で 上記製薬会社名 及び Japan や 日本の5製薬会社各社名 を入れて出て来たもの


https://twitter.com/FinancialTimes/status/1258289223121043456