タグ: 学術研究

U.K. イギリス Vol.35（Ｇ７コーンウォールサミット）

All the below links and tweets are in English.

Ｇ７関連情報を含む投稿 及び 日本関連ツイート を取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。
Ｇ７以外の内容も含む 138 及び 140～143 については、内容事項一部抜粋及びマスメディア名等もご参考まで挙げておきます。

World Vol.145 (G7 Summit 2021 in Cornwall)
World Vol.144 (G7 Summit 2021 in Cornwall)
cf. U.K. イギリス Vol.27（England イングランド Vol.9 – South West サウスウェスト地方）

World Vol.143 (U.S., etc.)
G7 … nytimes washingtonpost WSJ chicagotribune nationalpost RTEnews
World Vol.142
G7 PortsmouthNH … Guardian DWNews France24 VancouverSun smh RNZ
World Vol.141 (U.S., etc.)
TikTok-WeChat … ChronicleHerald
World Vol.140 (U.S., etc.)
JanetYellen-GlobalMinimumBusinessTax InteractiveBrokers WisconsinDells … BelferCenter
World Vol.138 (G7, etc.)
G7-finance/foreign/trade-ministers … KOB4

内容例（各回ツイートもご覧ください）
以下、順に、
145：@G7 @BorisJohnson,@POTUS
143：@washingtonpost @nationalpost
142：@euronews @dwnews @guardian @France24_en
141：@MarketWatch２枚 @FBAdvocateNews,@USDA @TheAtlantic,@MichaelSchuman
140：@PluribusPub @business @nytimes,@dealbook @SteveForbesCEO
138：@NASA_Johnson @ABC @krqe
World145 #BuildBackBetter communique-vision-agreement @G7
World145 Biden-Johnson-new-Atlantic-Charter @BorisJohnson,@POTUS
World143 rising-prices @washingtonpost
World143 stock-prices-disconnected-from-fundamentals @nationalpost
World142 eWaste @euronews
World142 US-inflation @dwnews
World142 covid-world @guardian
World142 Uighur @France24_en
World141 gold-futures @MarketWatch
World141 oil-prices @MarketWatch
World141 highest-wildfire-risk @FBAdvocateNews,#DroughtMonitor,@USDA
World141 why-America-afraid-of-TikTok @TheAtlantic
World140 Liberalism-Worth-Saving @PluribusPub
World140 Higher-Interest-Rates @business
World140 historic-global-tax-agreement @nytimes,@dealbook
World140 tax-collectors @SteveForbesCEO
World138 JFK-60years @NASA_Johnson
World138 diamonds-grown-in-labs @ABC
World138 NuclearMuseum @krqe

日本関連ツイート


https://twitter.com/KAS_Japan/status/1404385317059182602
https://twitter.com/Taiwan_in_NL/status/1404036114747478016


https://twitter.com/PAImages/status/1403370946384130055


https://twitter.com/ExeterMarine/status/1403380029678051331
https://twitter.com/epaphotos/status/1403040441470177284


https://twitter.com/unclepete_100/status/1404190082005815296

#Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.28

All the below tweets are in English.
標記につき取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。


https://twitter.com/katyjon/status/1399694623015161860
https://twitter.com/MissManc/status/1399833131469971458


https://twitter.com/CurtisSChin/status/1399602738217066497


https://twitter.com/Unicefuk_media/status/1400455570872705038


mixing-increases-side-effects @soutikBBC


https://twitter.com/DrEricDing/status/1398631148927004675


https://twitter.com/trtworld/status/1398967555692314626
https://twitter.com/abhijeetrai00/status/1400020824015347720

https://twitter.com/BiIndia/status/1400520157181612036
https://twitter.com/BiIndia/status/1399734985586659332


Pfizer-Covid-jab-produces-less-antibodies-against-Delta-variant @htTweets,@TheLancet


https://twitter.com/FISI_UK/status/1400025769573761024

Recent articles about Japan 日本関連英文記事 Vol.20

標記につき取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。


https://twitter.com/yasushi_m_Japon/status/1389916976672296960


https://twitter.com/michaeltanchum/status/1395054508728897544


https://twitter.com/BiIndia/status/1399365051975360516


https://twitter.com/wef/status/1389278583172993035
https://twitter.com/mandanggg/status/1388020156123672576

　https://twitter.com/leemakiyama/status/1389098745892114433


https://twitter.com/BISouthAfrica/status/1398006204962648067


https://twitter.com/CBC/status/1382765403550679046


https://twitter.com/AFPphoto/status/1386334182335520775

Science and Technology 科学技術 Vol.24

All the below links are in English.

取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

Science and Technology Vol.63 (elements, usages, food, etc.)

Science and Technology Vol.62 (semiconductor, raw materials, etc.)

Science and Technology Vol.61 (semiconductors, etc.)

Science and Technology Vol.60 (water, etc.)

内容例（各回ツイートもご覧ください）
順に、
63：@NtlDairyCouncil,@USDA @My_Recipes,@thekitchn @WIRED
62：@SmithsonianMag @bjeaglefeather,@OregonState,@Nanowerk @cbcradio
61：@ChemistryWorld,@BrianClegg @NextReality,@Intel_IRL
60：@NMPBS

SciTech63 dietary-guidlines @NtlDairyCouncil,@USDA
SciTech63 difference-condensed-evaporated @My_Recipes,@thekitchn
SciTech63 chip-AI @WIRED
SciTech62 yttrium-indium-manganese @SmithsonianMag
SciTech62 fungi-pigment-semiconductor-material @bjeaglefeather,@OregonState,@Nanowerk
SciTech62 Arctic-Ice-Project @cbcradio
SciTech61 #GalliumArsenide @ChemistryWorld,@BrianClegg
SciTech61 HoloLens-semiconductor @NextReality,@Intel_IRL
NewMexico7 vaccines-mRNA @NMPBS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

上記事項の日本関連


https://twitter.com/PriusChat/status/1184488702745165824


https://twitter.com/LivioFilice/status/1163172067363250178

U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.172「アメリカとは ―各種指標につき日本とも対照しながら―」

e-論壇 百花斉放,JFIR （連載１） 及び （連載２） にご掲載頂きました。以下、貼っておきます。

　「アメリカは」と語られることが多く、昨今ますます増えているのではないでしょうか。
　で、実際どんな国？と言うと、領土（面積は日本の約25倍）のうち北米部分の形、50州と首都ワシントンDCと準州等、日米関係、共和国、そして、軍事でも経済でも世界一の超大国 というイメージは多くの方の頭の中ですぐに出て来ると思います。
　他方、具体的に多くの個別部分を訊かれると案外少々詰まってしまうのではないでしょうか。何より、情報が多過ぎて、逆によく分からないという面もありそうです。
　数字を常に覚えておく必要は大多数の日本人にとって無いはずですが、ざくっとした数字のイメージが頭の中にあると、アメリカの色々なことのイメージが湧き易いというのが長年の個人的実感でもあります。
　検索すると割とすぐに出て来るいくつかの指標について2019年近辺のデータを基に、あくまで2020年あるいは少し前の概ねこんな感じというアメリカと日本の状態を取り急ぎ挙げてみます。（「ドル」は全て「米ドル」です。）

１．（総合的な）国際的影響力 i
　超大国と言うと、まずはこの種の指標でしょうか。
　これは、国家首脳のリーダーシップ、文化的影響力、国際的な同盟関係などにつき1万人以上の有識者が付けたスコアによりランキング化したものだそうです。本稿で以下に挙げている各論的指標も大いに参考になります。
　アメリカが世界一とされており、順当でしょう。日本も世界７位に一応入っており、色々考えるとこんな感じかなというところでしょうか。

２．言語 ii
　何をするにしても人間のすることの多くには言語を伴うので、他国より優位な言語を母国語とすること自体が国や国民にとっての武器になります。有り得ない仮定ですが仮に完全に同じ能力なら、優位な言語を使えるほうが勝ちと言えるのではないでしょうか。
　アメリカ国民の母国語である英語はダントツの世界一。現実感覚的には当然の結果です。日本語も、国際的な印象もあるポルトガル語を一応抑えて世界８位とされており、個人的にはこの結果自体には悪い気はしません。

３．研究
　一筋縄では実りませんが、いざ実ると、研究全般のみならず企業活動そして現実生活の様々な事柄にも長きにわたってプラスの作用をもたらしますので、国や企業そして国民にとって非常に重要です。
⑴ 大学 iii
　研究や研究者についてのものも含む、評判についてのこのランキングでは、世界101位までの大学のうち、アメリカは42校とダントツ１位。日本は5校となっており、両国とも聞き慣れた結果となっています。
　学力だけを見るならば、日本の大学生は同等とされるアメリカの大学の学生に負けていることはない、というのが個人的印象です。他方、アメリカを筆頭とする英語圏の大学院には世界各国から多くが来て、少なからぬ人材が自らの希望で卒業後その滞在英語圏国の研究を支える、という形が定着しています。

⑵ ノーベル賞受賞者数 iv
　この栄誉ある賞の対象になっていない研究分野も少なくなく、この賞を受賞していないが非常に優れた研究をされた或いはされている研究者も星の数ほど居られます。生きていないと受賞できないこと、時のトレンド等も含めて、運の要素も小さくないようにも思います。その前提で、あくまで分かり易い指標として挙げます。
　累計で約1000名のうち、アメリカは383名でこれもダントツ世界一。日本は28名で、これも世界10位以内に一応入っています。
　受賞された日本人の研究者はほぼ例外無く、英語論文が評価されて受賞に至っている、というのがよく見る光景です。正直、日本人が受賞すると、他人事ではありますが毎回嬉しいです。

⑶ シンクタンク v
　政府との人材の出入りが珍しくないアメリカでは、政策立案や提言などにおいて一定の影響力を持っていると言えます。
　政治・経済から人工知能にまで亘る、大学付属のものも含めた世界合計8200強のうち、アメリカだけで合計1900弱、しかも上位175のうち25を占めています。日本は合計128、上位175のうち4となっています。
　日本の場合、これまで言われてきたとおり「中央省庁が日本最大のシンクタンク」であり、その働きを今後どのようにしていくかとも絡めて、シンクタンク機能を考えていく必要があります。

４．経済 vi vii,vii’
　アメリカの名目GDPは世界一で、21兆4000億ドル強。人口は3億3000万人弱（世界３位）、一人当たりGDPは6万5000ドル強（世界７位）、一人当たり可処分所得は5万3000ドル強。
　日本は、名目GDP 5兆ドル強（世界３位）、人口1億3000万人弱（世界11位）、一人当たりGDP 4万ドル強（世界25位）、一人当たり可処分所得は4万ドル弱。名目GDPが世界２位だったのは、1968年から2009年までの42年間でした。 viii
　GDPの比較でアメリカは日本の4倍強であること、国内で格差が一段と大きい印象はありますが国民平均の可処分所得でアメリカは日本を2割以上上回っていること等、率直に言って、外国から色々と集まるアメリカ経済の規模は日本経済の規模よりも随分大きいと言えます。

５．財政 ix,ix’,ix” x
　アメリカでは、歳入が3兆5000億ドル、歳出が4兆4000億ドル、公的債務残高の対GDP比が106%。日本は、歳入60兆円、歳出105兆円、公的債務残高の対GDP比が238%。
　1ドル＝100円と非常にざっくり考えると、歳入の比較でアメリカは日本の6倍弱もあり、公的債務残高つまり政府の累積赤字の比率も日本の半分以下で、アメリカは日本より財政的余裕が有ると言えます。

６．企業 xi
　経済を回すのは、何と言っても民間企業です。
　合計で収益33兆ドル・利益3兆ドルを産み出し7000万人を雇用していた収益世界上位500社のうち、アメリカに本社を置く企業は121社。他方、日本企業は52社でした。
　この指標では、上位の日本企業数が少なくなく、海外各国現地でも雇用を産み出しており、日本企業もまだまだ健闘していると言えます。

７．株式市場 xii
　アメリカには、時価総額28兆ドル強のニューヨーク証券取引所（NYSE）、13兆ドル弱のナスダック証券取引所（NASDAQ；新興企業向け）があり、時価総額で世界１位と２位で世界シェアの45%超となっています。日本の日本証券取引所は、時価総額5兆ドル強で世界３位です。
　なお、10位以内にそれぞれ3兆5000億ドルから5兆ドル弱の上海、香港、深圳の3証券取引所があります。例えば私自身、前回のアメリカ滞在時にはブルームバーグニュースを毎日見ていましたが、アジア関連では概ね中国関係者が発信する中国関係情報が多く、日本関係情報発信の積極化の重要性を幾度と無く感じました。

８．通貨 xiii
　（異種同士の取引なので合計が200%になる）一日当たり取引額のシェアは、ドルが88％強（世界１位）、日本円が17％弱（世界３位）。
　事実上のドル本位制の下、企業や各国政府が取引通貨として自主的にドルを選んでいる結果です。また、この現体制の過去50年近くの間に、日本経済が世界２位であった42年間が概ね重なり、日本円も安全資産の代表格となっています。

９．貿易 xiv,xiv’
　モノとサービスの輸出総額は、アメリカ2兆5000億ドル強（世界２位）、日本9000億ドル強（世界４位）。ただ、アメリカのこの額の対GDP比は10％台前半であり、他国との比較では内需型であると言って良いでしょう。日本も20％未満です。
　ドイツ、イギリス、フランス、イタリア、オランダ、韓国などはこの数字が高く、外需型であると改めて思い出します。
同じく輸入総額は、アメリカ2兆6000億ドル弱（世界１位）、日本7000億ドル強（世界４位）。

10．原油 xv,xv’
　輸入日量は、アメリカ800万バレル弱、日本300万バレル強。アメリカは600万バレル弱の輸出もしています。
　使用される資源エネルギーの多様化は進み、2020年春には原油先物価格がゼロ未満になった xvi ほど原油価格暴落の印象が強い昨今ですが、まだ今は原油に完全に取って替わるものは無く、依然として重要な指標です。

11．食料自給率 xvii
　地球の気候変動が科学的に言われ、定性的実感としては確かに有る昨今、食料や農業については誰しも気になる或いは気にすべきです。
　例えば、時々議論の有るカロリーベースで、2000年代後半、アメリカは124%、日本は40%となっています。
　ちなみに、食料品の物価については、モノにも場所や店にも依りますが、アメリカでは概ねさほど安くないという個人的印象を持っています。

12．軍事 xviii,xviii’
　アメリカの軍事費は7300億ドル強で、これもダントツ世界一。対GDP比は3.4%です。日本は世界９位の480億ドル弱で、対GDP比は依然として1%未満を堅持しています。
　行使しないことが多い反面、軍事力は国防上そして国際的影響力上も重要であり、外交力や経済力とも相関している、というのが古くからの考え方です。日本の場合は、議論・調査・立案や対外調整を重ねつつ一定のスピード感を以って整え続けるしかありません。

最後に
　以上、アメリカという国全体はあくまで概ねこんな感じというのを、各種指標を基に日本との対照もしながら挙げてみました。
　お国柄が各国にあるので、日本がアメリカのようにならなければならないと考えたことは、当然ながら一度もありません。他方、日米関係が日本の基軸であることは毎日の現実であるため、アメリカを正確に把握しておくことは本来、必須です。他の外国についても濃淡等はあれども知っておくことは同様に重要です。相手を理解せずに友好関係が続くはずがありません。そして、他国の良い点は可能な範囲で取り入れるよう試してみても良い、とも思います。
　北米・欧州・豪州NZについて企業・地方・大学などを個別に英語で調べることを通じて、微力ながら今後も日本の成長・成熟に貢献したいと考えています。

北米欧州豪NZ情報分析者 ／ ワールドソルーションズLLC代表　中港 拓

World 世界情勢等 Vol.16 ／ U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.171

All the below links are in English.

取り急ぎ以下（内容事項一部等抜粋ご参考まで）貼っておきます。

World Vol.135 (U.S., etc.)
warfare ColonialPipeline,cyberattacks Vineyard-Wind-project Ru,Cn Blueberry-Nut-Crunch Arctic,Antarctic Au-own-vaccine AlaskaAirlines-CEO US-airlines

World Vol.134 (Middle East, U.S., etc.)
commodities,TimePrice NaturalGas ColonialPipeline Ir,Sy,Eg,Lb,Ye,Ne Ru,Cn Es,Ma Tw Za Br

World Vol.133 (newscomauHQ, NZStuff, CBCNews)
WestBank UN-Security-Council ColonialPipeline ATT-Discovery Sanofi,GSK CityOfPrinceAlbert-Mississauga,ON-Ca Medicago

World Vol.132 (U.S., etc.)
military,defense Cn Il,Ps Eg

World Vol.131
BalfourDeclaration AlAqsa postBrexit-financial-system Cn-Ru US-Mx-seefood-trade US-Ca-Mx

World Vol.130
DJIA CPI CDC HighSpeed-rail-project-CA Israel-Palestine-Gaza

World Vol.129 (seaweeds, milk, etc.)
ME,AK

World Vol.128 (waiver on vaccine patents, etc.)
StockPrices lobbying VaccineDiplomacy-Ru,Cn

内容例（各回ツイートもご覧ください）
以下、順に、
135：@FletcherSchool,@planetdgtl @PrincetonSPIA,@DanKurtzer,@politico @GlobeDebate
134：@HumanProgress @nytpolitics @PlattsOil @OPECSecretariat
133：@CBCNews,@JPTasker @NZStuff @newscomauHQ ２枚
132：@JSchanzer,@nypost,@FDD @WarOnTheRocks @WLTX @WLTX,@AP,@pxwhittle
131：@BrookingsFP,@tcwittes @ForeignPolicy,@stevenacook @WFSBnews,@CNN @NBCConnecticut
130：@CNBC @AFP @WHAS11,@AP
129：@DairyFoods,@Chobani,@FairTradeCert @DailyMail
128：@AP

World135 RemoteWork @FletcherSchool,@planetdgtl
World135 leader-Israel-Palestinian-conflict @PrincetonSPIA,@DanKurtzer,@politico
World135 years-Netanyahu-inflammatory-Gaza @GlobeDebate
World134 Malthus @HumanProgress
World134 commodity @nytpolitics
World134 OPEC-higher-demand-crude @PlattsOil
World134 production-adjustment-decision @OPECSecretariat
World133 mRNA-vaccine-plant @CBCNews,@JPTasker
World133 DF-SouthernOcean-SOPV @NZStuff
World133 map-brutal-reality-buying-house @newscomauHQ
World133 Older-Australians-tough-tradeoff-AstraZeneca-vaccine @newscomauHQ
World132 Biden-overtures-Iran-undercut-US-bid-end @JSchanzer,@nypost,@FDD
World132 Ending-endless-wars-strategy-selective-disengagement @WarOnTheRocks
World132 Target-drops-mask-mandate @WLTX
World132 shark-Earth-magnetic-field-GPS @WLTX,@AP,@pxwhittle
World131 death-solution @BrookingsFP,@tcwittes
World131 never-end @ForeignPolicy,@stevenacook
World131 cyberattack @WFSBnews,@CNN
World131 hotels-restrictions-recovery @NBCConnecticut
World130 everything-ultimately-will-settle-down @CNBC
World130 Israel-Palestine @AFP
World130 Israel-threatens-Gaza-ground-invasion-despite-truce-efforts @WHAS11,@AP
World129 @FairTradeCert @Chobani @DairyFoods
World129 China-WWIII-biological-weapons-6yrs @DailyMail
World128 US-backs @AP

World 世界情勢等 Vol.15 ／ U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.170

All the below links are in English.

取り急ぎ以下（内容事項一部抜粋等ご参考まで）貼っておきます。

World Vol.127 (G7 foreign ministers’ meeting in London)　Ｇ７外相会合
CanadaFP GermanyDiplo ItalyMFA

World Vol.126 (U.S., etc.)
CTVNews CBCTheNational IL

World Vol.125 (U.S.)
#Biden100days

World Vol.124 (U.S.)
FL
cf. 10 best pizza states | @WFLA,@foodandwine

World Vol.123 (Biden speech, Canada, raw materials, etc.)
BBCWorld MunSecConf

World Vol.122 (U.S., pink supermoon, New Zealand, etc.)
WABI_TV5 9NewsAUS AFP

World Vol.121 (semiconductor, U.S., etc.)　半導体、台湾 等
SkyWaterFoundry NXP ASPI_ICPC rnz_news SABCNews WVVA WVNS59News WDTV5News WV

World Vol.120 (semiconductor, U.S., etc.)　半導体、台湾 等
MarketWatch leadlagreport seattletimes IntelPolicy QS2Point TheRegister moneycontrolcom seekmomentum CNETNews TechIol TheStreet NikkeiAsia InvestorPlace ChiBizJournal courierjournal KCBizJournal NADAUpdate detroitnews FEeditors WTOL11Toledo WCPO OH

内容例（各回ツイートもご覧ください）
以下、順に、
127：@G7
126：@CarnegieEndow,@ErikBrattberg
124：@nbc6,@AP
123：@jasonfherring,@TheLancet @calgaryherald,@nationalpost,@business @edmontonjournal,@financialpost @EnergyMetals,@INN_Resource
122：@NewshubNZ,@SimonJAngelo @WGME,@AP２枚
121：@DiMartinoBooth,@WSJ,@danstrumpf
120：@CNBC
World127 joint-declaration @G7
World126 US-EU @CarnegieEndow,@ErikBrattberg
World124-USA Biden-agenda @nbc6,@AP
World123 elimination-not-mitigation @jasonfherring,@TheLancet
World123 should-have-bought-stocks @calgaryherald,@nationalpost,@business
World123 mortgage @edmontonjournal,@financialpost
World123 Cobalt @EnergyMetals,@INN_Resource
World122-NewZealand34 NZ-housing-market @NewshubNZ,@SimonJAngelo
World122-Maine14 growth-slump-Census2020 @WGME,@AP
World122-Maine15 ME-population @WGME,@AP
World121 Why the Chip Shortage Is So Hard to Overcome @DiMartinoBooth,@WSJ,@danstrumpf
World120 WH semiconductor exec-summit @CNBC

#Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.27（Lineage B.1.617 インド型変異株）

All the below links and excerpts are in English.

取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

Coronavirus Variants and Mutations (04/26/2021) | @nytimes
Coronavirus Variants-Mutations @nytimes

 

 

 

 

 

 

The COVID variant from India: What we know so far (27/04/2021) | @dwnews
… It’s too early to say whether the new variant of the virus, B.1.617, is responsible for the rapid increase in infections, but it is being treated as a possible cause.
What role do virus variants play?
In many other cases and countries, new variants have played a role when infections jumped.
Some experts are also concerned that the Indian variant may be turning into a type of “super mutation” that will continue to spread across the world. …
Why could the Indian variant become dangerous?
The Indian variant consists of two mutations on the spike protein of the virus.
A spike protein allows a virus to enter the body and infect it. The virus can then spread quickly through the body, if it escapes any antibodies in the immune system or those developed as a result of a vaccine – or, indeed, if there aren’t any antibodies.
Experts say there is a risk that people who have recovered from a COVID-19 infection, or those who have been vaccinated, may not be as resilient against this new variant as they may be against other forms of the virus.
What’s special about the Indian variant?
The mutations found in the Indian variant are identified as E484Q and L452 and are not entirely new. E484Q is similar to E484K – a mutation seen in the South African variant, B.1.353, and in the Brazilian variant, P1.
In some cases, the Indian mutations were detected in the British variant, B.1.1.7.
L452R is detected in a Californian variant of the virus, B.1.429. The same was found in a variant in Germany.
Of interest or of concern?
… Dr Jeffrey Barrett, director of the COVID-19 Genomics Initiative at the Wellcome Sanger Institute in the UK, has commented that the Indian variant has spread at such low levels over the past few months, and that makes it “likely not to be as transmissible as B.1.1.7.”

Researchers are investigating if a COVID-19 with multiple mutations found in India is more deadly and resistant to existing vaccines (04/23/2021) | @businessinsider
… The Times of India spoke to Vinod Scaria, a researcher at the CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology in India, who said the triple-mutant was also an “immune escape variant” – a strain that helps the virus attach to human cells and hide from the immune system. …
… Sreedhar Chinnaswamy, a researcher from the National Institute of Biomedical Genomics in India, told the Times of India that the variant also carried the E484K mutation, a characteristic found in the variants first identified in South Africa and Brazil.
“In other words, you may not be safe from this variant even if you were previously infected by another strain, or even if you have been vaccinated,” Chinnaswamy said.
Paul Tambyah, a professor of medicine at the National University of Singapore, said the good news is that there is no concrete evidence that the triple mutation is deadlier or more transmissible. …
“There is good data suggesting that the immune system, not just antibodies, can respond to multiple different mutants,” Tambyah said.
But this new threat is still worrying, as India’s healthcare system has already reached a breaking point as it grapples with the second wave of COVID cases. …

What’s the new coronavirus variant in India and how should it change their COVID-19 response? (06/04/2021) | @down2earthindia
… In 15-20 per cent of samples from the Indian state of Maharashtra (the state accounting for 62 per cent of cases in the country) a new, double mutation in key areas of the virus has been detected. These are now known as the E484Q and L452R mutations.
What makes the variant different?
… Given what we have seen with other similar mutations, it might also make it harder for our immune system to recognise the virus due to its slightly different shape. This means our immune system may not be able to recognise the virus as something it has to produce antibodies against.
Implications
… Mutations can result in 20 per cent more in-hospital deaths, as we witnessed during the second wave in South Africa. …

India’s ‘double mutation’ covid virus variant is worrying the world (19/04/2021) | @livemint
… The new variant, called B.1.617, was initially detected in India with two mutations — the E484Q and L452R. …
… Some mutations weaken the virus while others may make it stronger, enabling it to proliferate faster or cause more infections. …
… Aparna Mukherjee, a scientist at the Indian Council of Medical Research …
… In some districts in Maharashtra state — home to Mumbai and epicenter of the current wave that’s triggered fresh lockdown-like rules — the prevalence of this variant was more than 60%, according to Anurag Agrawal, director of the state-run Council of Scientific and Industrial Research’s genomics institute that’s conducting sequencing. …
… Both mutations are known to decrease — although not completely eliminate — the binding of the antibodies created by infection and vaccination, according to Jesse Bloom, an associate professor for genome sciences and microbiology at the University of Washington.
“Mutations at sites E484 and L452 have been observed separately, but this is the first major viral lineage that combines the two,” …
… Rakesh Mishra, the Hyderabad-based director of the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology …
… William A. Haseltine, a former professor at Harvard Medical School …

Coronavirus: ‘Double mutant’ Covid variant found in India (25/03/2021) | @BBCNewsAsia
… The Indian SARS-CoV-2 Consortium on Genomics (INSACOG), a group of 10 national laboratories under India’s health ministry …
Are double mutants a worry?
… But if the virus can use reinfection to spread, then it would be “penetrating” herd immunity, says Dr Jeremy Kamil, a virologist at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport. (Herd immunity happens when a large portion of a community becomes immune to a disease through vaccination or through the mass spread of the disease.) …

Q+A: Indian coronavirus variant – what is it and what effect will it have? (04/21/2021) | @ConversationEDU
Is this variant more infectious?
We think this variant may be able to spread more easily than earlier forms of the virus. This is because of a mutation it carries called L452R, which affects the virus’s spike protein. This is the “key” the coronavirus uses to unlock our cells.
The L452R mutation changes the part of the spike protein that directly interacts with ACE2, the molecule on the surface of our cells that the virus binds with to get inside. Early research – yet to be reviewed by other scientists – suggests the L452R mutation allows the virus to bind to cells more stably. In previous variants, such as the Kent variant, mutations like this that enhanced the virus’s binding ability resulted in it becoming more infectious.
The B1427 variant detected in California contains the same L452R mutation a B1617. It is estimated to be around 20% more transmissible than the earlier form of the coronavirus that was circulating during the first wave.
And is it more dangerous?
Mutations such as L452R that help with binding don’t necessarily result in more severe disease or make the virus more deadly. …
… Indeed, preliminary studies suggest the L452R mutation could help the virus evade the immune system. On top of this, B1617 carries a second mutation, called E484Q, that changes the spike protein as well. Research suggests that mutations like it (that affect the same area of the spike protein) may also make the virus less susceptible to pre-existing antibodies. …

COVID-19: Indian double mutation variant arrives in Britain and has ‘hallmarks of very dangerous virus’ (19/04/2021) | @SkyNews
… The variant – officially named B.1.617 – is almost certainly playing a part in the very sharp spike in the epidemic in India.
… One of the concerning mutations, called L452R, is also found in a variant circulating in California, though there is no link between the viruses. The Indian variant has evolved independently.
The other mutation in the virus is completely new. It is at the same ‘484’ position in the spike protein that is also mutated in the South African variant, and some others. But the actual mutation – E484Q – is slightly different.
Lab tests show both mutations help the virus to infect human cells and evade some antibodies.
The combination – called a double mutant – is a particular concern.
As yet it is unknown what impact they would have on the effectiveness of the existing vaccines. …

First case of ‘double mutant’ COVID-19 variant confirmed in Quebec (04/22/2021) | @CTVNews
… It’s known as the “double mutant” because it contains two distinct mutations of the original COVID-19 virus. Each of those mutations has been seen in other variants, separately, but this variant has both at once. …

India’s COVID-19 Variant: What We Know So Far – Not yet clear how much the current surge is driven by this new variant (04/29/2021) | @medpagetoday
Why “Double Mutant”?
Its official name is B.1.617, and the “double mutant” is a bit of a misnomer, because it actually carries 13 mutations, 7 of which are in the spike protein. But the moniker comes from two notable mutations found in other variants that appeared together for the first time in this new strain: the L452R mutation and the E484Q mutation.
The L452R mutation in the spike protein was first found in the COVID-19 variant detected in California. One study found that the California variant carrying this mutation may be up to 20% more transmissible than wild-type strains.
The E484Q mutation is notable because it appears to be very similar to the E484K mutations found in the B.1.351 (South African) and P.1 (Brazilian) variants. The E484K mutation in these variants is considered an “escape mutation” because it enables SARS-CoV-2 to evade immune protection with monoclonal antibodies, which may decrease the effectiveness of vaccines. So far, though, current vaccines appear to be holding up against these variants, according to Jetelina.
Why Is the ‘India’ Variant Important?
… Back in December 2020, 271 million people (about one-fifth of India’s population) were already infected with COVID-19. Modelling studies suggested that India may have already reached herd immunity through natural infection. India’s health minister announced that the country had successfully contained the spread of the virus. …
Implications for Pandemic Control
… Preliminary evidence so far suggests that the Covaxin vaccine is still protective against the double mutant variant. Covaxin is an inactivated vaccine that contains killed coronavirus material and is made in India. Scientists in India have also reported that Covishield, which uses the same biotechnology as the AstraZeneca vaccine, has efficacy against the mutant.
… “The more this virus jumps from person-to-person (regardless of where it’s at in the globe), the more chances it has to mutate,” she wrote. “The more it mutates, the more chances it has to outsmart our vaccines.”

The Recent Rise of Indian Covid-19 Cases Display The Dangers Of SARS-CoV-2 Variants (04/23/2021) | @Forbes
… In addition to the B.1.617, which I described in detail in a previous article, a number of strains with additional mutations are also circulating that are currently less prevalent, but still cause for concern. These mutations, which are heavily concentrated in the N-terminal and receptor-binding domains of the spike protein, likely make their respective variants more resistant to convalescent sera and vaccine-administered antibodies.
Among these mutations is W152L, located in the N-terminal domain, which is thought to be a neutralizing antibody binding site due to its high antigenicity. Mutations to this area could reduce neutralization capability and make the virus more resistant to convalescent sera and vaccines. Another mutation, V382L, is also located in the receptor-binding domain. …
Further mutations found in India include N450K, which is also found in the Belgian B.1.214 variant; S477N, which is also seen in the New York B.1.526 variant; and a series of others, all heavily concentrated in the receptor-binding domain. Mutations to this region affect both binding to human ACE2 receptors and potential resistance to neutralization. …

Science Brief: Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants (Updated 01/28/2021) | @CDCgov
India’s massive COVID surge puzzles scientists – The virus is spreading faster than ever before in India despite previous high infection rates in megacities, which should have conferred some protection. (21/04/2021) | @nature

#Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.26（financial relief, etc. 財政的支援 等）

JFYI: Here are the English links about financial relief, etc., which were seen on the Internet yesterday.
昨日、ネット上で見かけた標記関連各国状況につき、あくまでご参考まで取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

POLICY RESPONSES TO COVID-19: Policy Tracker – Browse by Country (Last updated on 04/06/2021) | @IMFNews

The fiscal response to the economic fallout from the coronavirus (Last updated on 24/11/2020) | Julia Anderson, Enrico Bergamini, Sybrand Brekelmans, Alienor Cameron, Zsolt Darvas, Marta Dominguez Jimenez, Klaas Lenaerts, Catarina Midoes @bruegel

Understanding the impact of government aid to firms in the COVID-19 pandemic (28/06/2020) | Morten Bennedsen, Birthe Larsen, Ian Schmutte, Daniela Scur @VoxEU

Comparing U.S., Japanese, and German Fiscal Responses to Covid-19 (10/28/2020) | @MPGoodman88, Dylan Gerstel @CSIS
@CSIS Comparing U.S., Japanese, and German Fiscal Responses to Covid-19

 

 

 

 

 

Coronavirus: How Are Countries Responding to the Economic Crisis? (Last updated on 05/04/2020) | Jonathan Masters @CFR_org
@CFR_org Coronavirus - How Are Countries Responding to the Economic Crisis - interactive

 

 

 

 

 

COVID-19 pandemic: Financial stability implications and policy measures taken (PDF; 15/04/2020) | @FinStbBoard
Coronavirus26 @FinStbBoard COVID-19 pandemic - Financial stability implications and policy measures taken

 

 

 

 

The initial fiscal policy responses of euro area countries to the COVID-19 crisis (ECB Economic Bulletin 01/2021) | Stephan Haroutunian, Steffen Osterloh, Kamila Slawinska @ecb
Coronavirus26 @ecb The initial fiscal policy responses of euro area countries to the COVID-19 crisis

 

 

 

 

 

Kurzarbeit: Germany’s Short-Time Work Benefit (06/11/2020) | @IMFNews
Coronavirus26 @IMFNews Kurzarbeit- Germany’s Short-Time Work Benefit

 

 

 

Short-time work schemes and their effects on wages and disposable income (04/2020) | @ecb
@ecb Short-time work schemes and their effects on wages & disposable income

 

 

 

 

 

A just and sustainable economic response to coronavirus, explained (03/25/2020) | @drvolts @voxdotcom
@voxdotcom A just and sustainable economic response to coronavirus, explained

 

 

 

 

Overview of Canada’s COVID-19 Economic Response Plan | @FinanceCanada
Coronavirus26 @FinanceCanada Overview of Canada’s COVID-19 Economic Response Plan

 

 

 

 

 

Coronavirus: stimulus policies in other countries after the first shutdown (Updated on 02/24/2021) | Grant Dalton, Thomas Pope @instituteforgov

Coronavirus – check what benefits you can get | @CitizensAdvice

Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Benefits | @nidirect

How effective were stimulus checks in the US? (08/17/2020) | AINE DORIS @chicagoboothrev

Covid-19 Economic Relief | @USTreasury

Coronavirus resources | @BenefitsGOV

COVID-19 and the US economy: FAQ on the economic impact & policy response (03/23/2020) | Jay Shambaugh @BrookingsEcon

Short-Time Compensation Programs As A COVID-19 Response And Recovery Strategy (06/25/2020) | @NatlGovsAssoc

Coronavirus Resources | @USDOL

Economic Response to the Coronavirus – Supporting the Flow of Credit (10/15/2020) | @Treasury_AU

COVID-19 benefits and services | Canada.ca

Building effective short-time work schemes for the COVID-19 crisis | Giulia Giupponi & Camille Landais @voxeu

Short-time working compensation | work.swiss

Lay-offs and short-time working | GOV.UK

Coronavirus (COVID-19): SME policy responses (15/06/2020) | @OECD

The Economic Impact of Coronavirus in the U.S. and Possible Economic Policy Responses (03/03/2020) | @amprog

Covid Performance Index | @LowyInstitute

World 世界情勢等 Vol.14 ／ U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.169

All the below links are in English.

取り急ぎ以下（内容事項一部抜粋ご参考まで）貼っておきます。

World Vol.119
semiconductor history WashingtonDC EG,BR,PH,IR,KR,CN,RU NZ,AU,CA,UK
World Vol.118 (U.S., etc.)
ArabSpring Arctic AI-hackers MassShootings commercial-RealEstate Uyghur-Xinjiang immigration IR,AF,MM,TW,NK,PK,CU,CN,RU
World Vol.117 (U.S., etc.)
Ramadan-Mecca RetailSales Amazon AdamToledo-Chicago BlackSea T.rex Amazon,AL IN,WA RU,CN,CA,TR,UG,HU,TW,IR,CU,ET,TD
World Vol.116 (U.S., etc.)
HousePrices-HousingMarket books Moderna-Nexus Coinbase-IPO ThomasMiller-UKP&I Canterbury AstraZeneca bee FL,NM CN,IR,AF,IN,NZ,AU
World Vol.115 (U.S., etc.)
Belt&Road EU BlackRock rare-BloodClots MexicanBorder DerekChauvin-GeorgeFloyd Prince-Welcome2America PrincePhilip COVID-VaccineCard MinnesotaTwins MT,WV,CA,OH,MN NK,CN,MM,IR
World Vol.114 (U.S.)
Easter CherryBlossom Arctic LaborMarket hackers COVID19-passports PublicSafety-BodyCameras FL,DC,MI,AZ,WI IC,NZ,AM,AF
World Vol.113 (U.S., etc.)
stocks water vaccines,vaccination Say’sLaw NorthernIreland 1969GuamDoctrine LBJ GermanNorwegianSubmarine Quad CentralAmerica PineappleWar Pfizer NASA Microsoft Amazon KeystoneXL HokkaidoRamen&Sushi AK,TX,TN,AZ,MT SA,AF,IN,IR,NK,CN,FR
World Vol.112 (AFP, abcnews, 12News, etc.)
TropicalDeforestation SouthChinaSea Pfizer HIPAA AZ CU,CO,BR,ZA,EG,CF,AU,PH,MY,MM,CY,UK,IC,RU,HU,IT,FR,BE,DE AU:HousePrices Coronavirus ZombieMines Qld NSW

内容例（各回ツイートもご覧ください）
以下、順に、
112：@LMdiplo、@AZDHS
113：@AspenStrategy,@ForeignAffairs
114：@cnni
116：@TheEconomist
117：@AFP,@Yahoo
118：@nytimes
119：@DeccanHerald,@nytimes、@mattskala,JonStokes,@doxanotes

World112 Patents-Prevents-Vaccines-For-All @LMdiplo
Arizona9-World112 masks @AZDHS
World113 America-Should-Vaccinate-The-World @AspenStrategy,@ForeignAffairs
World114 #Easter,#EasterSunday @cnni
World116 house-price @TheEconomist
World117 BlackSea @AFP,@Yahoo
World118 commercial-office-buildings @nytimes
World119 GlobalChipShortage @DeccanHerald,@nytimes
World119 China-invasion @mattskala,JonStokes,@doxanotes