タグ: 学術研究

Science and Technology 科学技術 Vol.26（metals, etc. 金属など）

All the below links and tweets are in English.

取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

Science and Technology Vol.75 (phosphorus, graphite, etc.)　リン、黒鉛など

Science and Technology Vol.74 (manganese, etc.) / World Vol.163 (Australia, etc.)　マンガンなど

Science and Technology Vol.73 (nickel, cobalt, lithium, etc.)　ニッケル、コバルト、リチウムなど

Science and Technology Vol.72 (cobalt, etc.)　コバルトなど

Science and Technology Vol.71 / World Vol.154 (The Role of Critical Minerals in Clean Energy Transitions @IEA)

内容例（各回ツイートもご覧ください）
以下、順に、
75：@Nanowerk、@scroll_in、@NRCan、@AlussaEnergy,@FREYRBattery,@climate
74：@MiningWeekly,@Element25Ltd、@BrookhavenLab,@LosAlamosNatLab
73：@IntEngineering、@ShefUniNews,@ChemistryWorld、@OxEconRecovery,@axios
72：@SaSpotters、@BYDCompany、@WIREDScience
71：@IEA,@CriticalMetals_

SciTech75 Blue phosphorus - How a semiconductor becomes a metal @nanowerk
SciTech75 350years after its discovery, the vital element phosphorus is running out @scroll_in
SciTech75 Critical Minerals List @NRCan
SciTech75 EV Battery Startup Poaches Oil Veterans to Build Arctic Factory @AlussaEnergy,@FREYRBattery,@climate
SciTech74 White House highlights manganese as potential preferred battery element contender @MiningWeekly,@Element25Ltd
SciTech74 Revealing the Nature of Magnetic Interactions in Manganese Oxide @BrookhavenLab,@LosAlamosNatLab
SciTech73 Will Lithium Be the Next Oil @IntEngineering
SciTech73 The long road to sustainable lithium-ion batteries @ShefUniNews,@ChemistryWorld
SciTech73 The future of EV batteries could be found under the sea @OxEconRecovery,@axios
SciTech72 @SaSpotters
SciTech72 @BYDCompany
SciTech72 @WIREDScience
SciTech71 1 @IEA,@CriticalMetals_
SciTech71 2 @IEA,@CriticalMetals_
SciTech71 3 @IEA,@CriticalMetals_
SciTech71 4 @IEA,@CriticalMetals_

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

cobalt、lithium、nickel、manganese、graphite、phosphorusに関する日本関連ツイート


https://twitter.com/emil_jens/status/1144428802518343680


https://twitter.com/1444552ari/status/1291234019200208898

https://twitter.com/yonexgolf_uk/status/1105144087441747969


https://twitter.com/man_integrated/status/1390772764982796295


https://twitter.com/MrGraphite2/status/1111821592856715264


https://twitter.com/GANYACINEMAART/status/1135922438699716608

World 世界情勢等 Vol.19 ／ U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.176

All the below links and tweets are in English.

取り急ぎ以下（内容事項一部抜粋ご参考まで）貼っておきます。8月19日追加の関連ツイート（本頁下方）もご覧ください。

World Vol.167 (nytimes, ABC, CBSNews, NBCNews, CNN, TIME)
気温、アフガニスタン、ハイチ地震、デルタ変異株、米人口の人種民族構成　など

World Vol.166 (Australia, U.S., Europe, etc.)
オーストラリア（シンクタンク・大学含む）、欧州、米NY州知事　など

World Vol.165 (U.S., Europe, etc.)
欧州、米地区連銀、AZ、WI、山火事　など

World Vol.164 (U.S., etc.)
ビジネス、PA、RI　など

World Vol.162 (U.S., Australia, etc.)
オーストラリア（ロックダウン含む）、東京オリンピック、中国　など

World Vol.161 (U.S., etc.)
大学、アラスカ地震、ユタ州洪水　など

内容例（各回ツイートもご覧ください）
以下、順に、
167：@CNN３枚、@TIME
166：@UniMelb,@UniMelbMDHS,@BusEcoNews,@msdsocial,@TonyBlakely_PI,@DrJ_Thompson、@LowyInstitute,@tshugart3
165：@AtlantaFed、@nytimes、@NBCNews
164：@MarketWatch、@CNBC、@FinancialPost,@VancouverSun
162：@BulletinAtomic,@FAScientists,@nukestrat,@mattkorda、@Zurich、@9NewsAUS
161：@BudgetModel、@SSRC_org
World167 sewage @CNN
World167 Smucker's Uncrustables disappeared from grocery stores @CNN
World167 SkyCool-Systems @CNN
World167 Which industries stand to gain from the $1.2 trillion infrastructure bill @TIME
World166 ELIMINATION VS SUPPRESSION @UniMelb,@UniMelbMDHS,@BusEcoNews,@msdsocial,@TonyBlakely_PI,@DrJ_Thompson
World166 China-maritime-aerospace @LowyInstitute,@tshugart3
World165 LaborMarket-SpiderChart @AtlantaFed
World165 LaborReportFirstLook @AtlantaFed
World165 job-report @nytimes
World165 Delta-is-different @NBCNews
World164 U.S. wealth grew by $19 trillion during the pandemic — but mostly for the very rich @MarketWatch
World164 garbage industry has outperformed the market since 2015 @CNBC
World164 With lumber still pricey, here's how to chop the cost of a home remodel @FinancialPost,@VancouverSun
World162 China-Xinjiang-nuclear-weapons-silos @BulletinAtomic,@FAScientists,@nukestrat,@mattkorda
World162 Artificial Intelligence and Algorithmic Liability @Zurich
World162 unsung-Aussie-made-air-travel-safer @9NewsAUS
World161 BIDEN-FY2022-BUDGET-PROPOSAL @BudgetModel
World161 WaysOfWater @SSRC_org

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Japan・Japanese及びAustralia・Australianなどを入力、検索して8月19日正午頃出て来た最近のツイート（同日時に追加）


https://twitter.com/AustraliaInJPN/status/1426095073150779392
https://twitter.com/AustraliaInJPN/status/1425699571108360197


https://twitter.com/WA_Edu_News/status/1426014626102140938


https://twitter.com/AJRC_ANU/status/1428152275512537093


https://twitter.com/JamesBondAUS/status/1427325158302183424


https://twitter.com/MOFA_Taiwan/status/1425997468777410562
https://twitter.com/Taiwan_Today/status/1426091996112777222


https://twitter.com/AustraliaInJPN/status/1428174903182774276
https://twitter.com/yukiisushi/status/1427616660622516224


https://twitter.com/J_League_En/status/1425506130663411721
https://twitter.com/AusAirForce/status/1426680035721859072


https://twitter.com/dan3james/status/1426955694037626880


https://twitter.com/GetUp/status/1427850240539955205
https://twitter.com/Australian_Navy/status/1427133017319956481

#Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.33（ivermectin, etc.）

All the below links are in English. Excerpts are on our own.

ご参考まで取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

Science and Technology Vol.70 (coronavirus drugs)

Why You Should Not Use Ivermectin to Treat or Prevent COVID-19 (03/05/2021) | @US_FDA
…The FDA’s job is to carefully evaluate the scientific data on a drug to be sure that it is both safe and effective for a particular use, and then to decide whether or not to approve it. …
There seems to be a growing interest in a drug called ivermectin to treat humans with COVID-19. Ivermectin is often used in the U.S. to treat or prevent parasites in animals. The FDA has received multiple reports of patients who have required medical support and been hospitalized after self-medicating with ivermectin intended for horses.
When Can Taking Ivermectin Be Unsafe?
The FDA has not reviewed data to support use of ivermectin in COVID-19 patients to treat or to prevent COVID-19; however, some initial research is underway. Taking a drug for an unapproved use can be very dangerous. This is true of ivermectin, too.
There’s a lot of misinformation around, and you may have heard that it’s okay to take large doses of ivermectin. That is wrong.
Even the levels of ivermectin for approved uses can interact with other medications, like blood-thinners. You can also overdose on ivermectin, which can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypotension (low blood pressure), allergic reactions (itching and hives), dizziness, ataxia (problems with balance), seizures, coma and even death.
Ivermectin Products for Animals Are Different from Ivermectin Products for People
… Moreover, FDA reviews drugs not just for safety and effectiveness of the active ingredients, but also for the inactive ingredients. Many inactive ingredients found in animal products aren’t evaluated for use in people. Or they are included in much greater quantity than those used in people. In some cases, we don’t know how those inactive ingredients will affect how ivermectin is absorbed in the human body. …

Fact check: Ivermectin is not a proven treatment for COVID-19 (08/14/2021) | @USATODAY
Ivermectin not proven to treat COVID-19
… Some limited studies have suggested ivermectin could help treat COVID-19. But other, more rigorous research has found little or no impact.
“The reason for the interest in ivermectin is that studies in the lab have shown it can block viruses from multiplying in experimental settings – i.e. in a petri dish – and so people hoped this would mean it could help treat COVID-19 in people too,” Dr. Denise McCulloch, an infectious disease specialist with the University of Washington’s School of Medicine, said in an email. “Unfortunately, the few high-quality studies that have been done to date do not demonstrate a beneficial effect of ivermectin when it is used in people with COVID-19.” …
A peer-reviewed meta-analysis of 15 trials, published in the July/August issue of the American Journal of Therapeutics, found that “large reductions in COVID-19 deaths are possible using ivermectin.” But experts told PolitiFact, an independent fact-checking outlet, that some of the trials the study included were not high-quality, and some of its authors were affiliated with a pro-ivermectin group. …
“To extrapolate from how much drug is needed to work in the test tube to how much is required to work in a human being against the virus makes these trials and all the meta-reviews published less than worthless – it’s dangerous,” Dr. Benhur Lee, a microbiology professor at Mount Sinai’s Icahn School of Medicine, said in an email. …
Officials say drug should ‘only be used within clinical trials’
… The FDA said in April 2020 that people should not take ivermectin unless it’s “prescribed to them by a licensed health care provider and is obtained through a legitimate source.” The agency reiterated that position in March. …
Our fact-check sources

Column: Major study of Ivermectin, the anti-vaccine crowd’s latest COVID drug, finds ‘no effect whatsoever’(08/11/2021) | @latimes
Coronavirus33 ivermectin @latimes
Ivermectin, the latest supposed treatment for COVID-19 being touted by anti-vaccination groups, had “no effect whatsoever” on the disease, according to a large patient study.
That’s the conclusion of the Together Trial… …Edward Mills of McMaster…
… Its repurposing as a COVID treatment began with a 2020 paper by Australian researchers who determined that at extremely high concentrations it showed some efficacy against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID, in the lab. But their research involved concentrations of the drug far beyond what could be achieved, much less tolerated, in the human body. …
Mills said that his team’s Ivermectin trial was altered after advocacy groups complained that it was too modest to achieve the results they expected. The trial originally tested the results from a single Ivermectin dose in January this year, but was later changed to involve one daily dose for three days of 400 micrograms of the drug for every kilogram (about 2.2 pounds) of the patients’ weight, up to 90 kilograms. …

Flawed ivermectin preprint highlights challenges of COVID drug studies: The study’s withdrawal from a preprint platform deals a blow to the anti-parasite drug’s chances as a COVID treatment, researchers say. (02/08/2021) | @nature
… The paper summarized the results of a clinical trial seeming to show that ivermectin can reduce COVID-19 death rates by more than 90% – among the largest studies of the drug’s ability to treat COVID-19 to date. But on 14 July, after internet sleuths raised concerns about plagiarism and data manipulation, the preprint server Research Square withdrew the paper because of “ethical concerns”. …
Early in the pandemic, scientists showed that ivermectin could inhibit the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in cells in laboratory studies. But data on ivermectin’s efficacy against COVID-19 in people are still scarce, and study conclusions conflict greatly, making the withdrawal of a major trial particularly noteworthy. …
Ripple effects
…Few therapies can claim such an impressive reduction in death rates. “It was a significant difference, and that stood out,” says Andrew Hill, who studies repurposed drugs at the University of Liverpool, UK. …
One of the authors of the meta-analysis, statistician Andrew Bryant at Newcastle University, UK, says that his team corresponded with Elgazzar before publishing the work to clarify some data. “We had no reason to doubt the integrity of [Professor] Elgazzar,” he said in an e-mail. He added that in a pandemic setting, no one can reanalyse all of the raw data from patient records when writing a review. Bryant went on to say that his group will revise the conclusion if investigations find the study to be unreliable. However, even if the study is removed, the meta-analysis would still show that ivermectin causes a major reduction in deaths from COVID-19, he says. …
Reliable data needed
… Carlos Chaccour, a global-health researcher at the Barcelona Institute for Global Health in Spain, says it has been difficult to conduct rigorous studies on ivermectin. That’s partly because funders and academics in wealthy countries haven’t supported them, and, he suspects, have often dismissed trials of ivermectin because most of them have been done in lower-income countries. Furthermore, says Rodrigo Zoni, a cardiologist at the Corrientes Cardiology Institute in Argentina, it is difficult to recruit participants because many people – particularly in Latin America – are already taking the widely available drug in an attempt to prevent COVID-19. …
Adding to the difficulty are conspiracy theories holding that ivermectin has been proven to work and that drug companies are depriving the public of a cheap cure. Chaccour says he has been called ‘genocidal’ for doing research on the drug rather than just endorsing it.
…Gideon Meyerowitz-Katz, an epidemiologist at the University of Wollongong in Australia…It’s not yet possible to assess whether ivermectin works against COVID-19 because the data currently available are not of sufficiently high quality…
Chaccour and others studying ivermectin say that proof of whether the drug is effective against COVID-19 rests on a handful of large, ongoing studies, including a trial in Brazil with more than 3,500 participants. By the end of 2021, says Zoni, around 33,000 people will have participated in some kind of ivermectin trial. …

Ivermectin: why a potential COVID treatment isn’t recommended for use: The antiparasitic drug was thought to be a potential treatment for COVID-19, but there isn’t sufficient evidence to recommend its use, despite widespread support online. (22/04/2021) | @gavi
WHAT IS IVERMECTIN?
… In humans, ivermectin is currently prescribed in tablet form to treat certain roundworm infections that cause illnesses such as river blindness. It may also be applied as a cream to control the common inflammatory skin condition papulopustular rosacea.
But ivermectin is most commonly used for veterinary parasitic diseases, especially gastrointestinal worm infestations. Consequently, it is readily available and relatively inexpensive. …
WHY MIGHT IT BE USED TO TREAT COVID?
… In early 2020, a paper was made public (before it was reviewed by other scientists) which showed ivermectin suppresses the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, under laboratory conditions. This was one of many studies over the past 50 years to show that the antiparisitic drug could also have antiviral uses.
There appear to be two key ways in which the drug could prevent coronavirus replication. First, it could prevent the virus from suppressing our cells’ natural antiviral responses. Second, it’s possible the drug prevents the “spike” protein on the surface of the virus from binding to the receptors that allow it to enter our cells. Along with the anti-inflammatory actions apparent from ivermectin’s efficacy in rosacea, these may point towards useful effects in a viral disease that causes significant inflammation. …
WHY IS IT CONTROVERSIAL?
… A controversy subsequently blew up over an article by the Front Line COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance, a group of doctors and researchers that lobbies for the use of ivermectin.
This article, summarising multiple small studies of the effects of ivermectin on COVID-19 patients, was provisionally accepted for publication in the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology in January 2021 but then rejected and removed from the journal’s website in March. The journal’s editor stated that the standard of evidence in the paper was insufficient and that the authors were inappropriately promoting their own ivermectin-based treatment. …
WHY ISN’T IT RECOMMENDED?
… More studies are underway. A large, multicentre trial began in February to determine the effectiveness of ivermectin as well as metformin (an anti-diabetes medication) and fluvoxamine (an antidepressant) in preventing COVID-19 disease progression. …

Ivermectin to be investigated as a possible treatment for COVID-19 in Oxford’s PRINCIPLE trial (23/06/2021) | @UniofOxford
EMA advises against use of ivermectin for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 outside randomised clinical trials (22/03/2021) | @EMA_News
Don’t use ivermectin to treat COVID, Coast health officials warn after one hospitalized (08/13/2021) | @sunherald

World 世界情勢等 Vol.18 ／ U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.175

All the below links are in English.

取り急ぎ以下（内容事項一部抜粋ご参考まで）貼っておきます。

World Vol.160 (U.S., etc.)
ThinkTanks … TheEconomist 9NewsAUS abc13houston

World Vol.159 (U.S., etc.)
Reuters cnni ABC France24_en dwnews ABC11_WTVD

World Vol.158 (flooding in western Europe)
dwnews TheLocalGermany BrusselsTimes bbcweather SkyNews AFP guardian CBSNews NBCNews ABC cnni AP ..

World Vol.157 (U.S., etc.)
… KGWNews WCPO cleveland19news wsyx6

World Vol.156 (U.S., Canada – hottest)
BBCEarth abcnews NZStuff CBCNews weatherchannel WeatherNation breakingweather accuweather Weatherobserve CBSNews NBCNews MSNBC sfchronicle NYTNational capitalweather washingtonpost

World Vol.155 (U.S., EU, etc.)
GEF_Europe euromines SultanEtn INNOVATION_PL euobs ecfr BBCWorld cnni nytimesworld MarketWatch KTNV

World Vol.153 (U.S., etc.)
academia … CBSDenver

World Vol.152 (U.S.)
… KFYRTV WDAYnews

内容例（各回ツイートもご覧ください）
以下、順に、
160：@RANDCorporation,@DefenseOne、@hozertem,@IFRI_、@LowyInstitute
159：@HumanProgress
157：@YaleDivSchool,@pewresearch
156：@cbcnewsbc、@CNNweather
155：@argusmedia、@EcologicBerlin、@News3LV,@AP
153：@EssexSocSci,@Essex_EBS,@the_ecologist,@guardian,@dominicru、@ABC,@FiveThirtyEight、@arturobris,@IMD_Bschool,@nytimes、@CornellCAS,@njtmulder,@guardian
152：@NewYorkFed、@nytimes
World160 NATO Must Shore Up Control of a Key Maritime Chokepoint @RANDCorporation,@DefenseOne
World160 Turkey’s Changing Position from a Federal to a TwoState Solution to the Cyprus Conflict @hozertem,@IFRI_
World160 HOW LADAKH WILL SHAPE INDIA’S COMPETITION WITH CHINA @LowyInstitute
World159 food-prices @HumanProgress
World157 churches-online-sermons @YaleDivSchool,@pewresearch
World156 glaciers @cbcnewsbc
World156 heat-records-affecting-power-grid @CNNweather
World155 @argusmedia
World155 @EcologicBerlin
World155 @News3LV,@AP
World153 cost-of-basic-necessities-of-life-who-is-going-to-pay @EssexSocSci,@Essex_EBS,@the_ecologist,@guardian,@dominicru
World153 graphs-PostPandemic-normalcy-not-yet @ABC,@FiveThirtyEight
World153 creeping-mediocrity @arturobris,@IMD_Bschool,@nytimes
World153 Poland-Hungary-nativist-turn @CornellCAS,@njtmulder,@guardian
World152 higher-oil-prices @NewYorkFed
World152 Why Washington Cant Quit Listening to Larry Summers @nytimes

#Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.32（vaccine side effects, etc. ワクチン副反応など）

All the below links are in English. Excerpts are on our own.

ご参考まで取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

Global COVID-19 vaccine summary: Side effects | @mnt
Coronavirus32 vaccine-side-effects @mnt
Allergic reactions and anaphylaxis
Rarely, a person experiences an allergic reaction to one or more of the ingredients in a vaccine. They might develop hives or another type of skin rash, swelling, and respiratory symptoms.
A severe allergic reaction can lead to anaphylaxis, and it involves low blood pressure, nausea, and difficulty breathing, among other symptoms.
Anaphylaxis is an extremely rare side effect of vaccination. According to the CDC, around 2-5 people per million, or fewer than 0.001% of people vaccinated in the U.S. have experienced anaphylaxis afterward.
Allergic reactions to mRNA vaccines have been of particular concern, as they contain a chemical, called polyethylene glycol (PEG), that has never been used in an approved vaccine before. PEG is in many drugs that have occasionally triggered anaphylaxis. In these vaccines, it coats the mRNA molecule and supports penetration into cells.
There are similar concerns about the Janssen vaccine, which contains polysorbate 80, a chemical that is structurally related to PEG.
A study of data about allergic reactions to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines noted that most people who experienced anaphylaxis afterward had a history of allergies and this particular severe reaction.
The data suggest that there is a very low risk of anaphylaxis as a result of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. Regardless, the CDC recommends that vaccine administrators conduct prescreening for specific allergic reactions. These vaccines are safe for people with common allergies, such as to foods, pets, environmental elements, latex, and oral medications.
The CDC also recommends that anyone who has had an allergic reaction to one dose of a vaccine not receive a second dose of the same type of vaccine.
Frequency of side effects in women
Side effects appear to be more commonly reported in women than men. A study by CDC researchers shows that 78.7% of adverse event reports submitted during the first month of U.S. vaccination involved women.
Another study observed that females represented 15 out of 16 people with anaphylaxis after a vaccine.
These findings are in line with a 2013 study on the H1N1 vaccine during the 2009 flu pandemic, which found higher rates of hypersensitivity reactions among females of childbearing age than other groups in the study population.
Reproductive hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, may play a role in this sex discrepancy. A study in mice suggests that estrogen causes the body to generate more antibodies, leading to a higher immune response.
Potential side effects per vaccine
Recently, there have been new concerns about serious side effects of COVID-19 vaccines.
These effects may be coincidental, and there is currently not enough conclusive evidence to link these effects to specific vaccines. However, regulatory agencies are taking precautionary measures to investigate these safety concerns.
Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna
The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines are both two-dose mRNA vaccines. People have reported similar, common side effects after the second doses of each.
These COVID-19 vaccines are the first vaccines approved for use in humans that incorporate mRNA technology. As a result, there are concerns about the long-term effects and a risk of altering the body’s genetic information.
People may be unaware that researchers have spent many years studying the potential of mRNA vaccine technology. There have been efforts to develop mRNA vaccines in the past, including Moderna’s human-based trial of an mRNA Zika virus vaccine.
Furthermore, it is unlikely that an mRNA vaccine can alter genetic information. The mRNA in a vaccine does not enter the nucleus of a cell, where DNA is stored, and it degrades rather quickly in the body after it serves its purpose.
Yet many were alarmed by reports from Norway that 23 people had died shortly after receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. However, there is no evidence that these deaths were a direct result of the vaccine.
“There is a possibility that these common adverse reactions – that are not dangerous in fitter, younger patients and are not unusual with vaccines -may aggravate underlying disease in the elderly,” suggests Dr. Steinar Madsen, the medical director of the Norwegian Medicines Agency.
“We are now asking for doctors to continue with the vaccination, but to carry out extra evaluation of very sick people whose underlying condition might be aggravated by it,” he adds.
Another death, which occurred in the U.S., was associated with having a low blood platelet count, or thrombocytopenia. So far, 20 thrombocytopenia cases have developed following either a Pfizer or Moderna vaccination. Currently, however, no causal evidence links these cases with the vaccines.
Other concerns involve pregnancy and fertility. According to a February 2021 statement from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine:
“While fertility was not specifically studied in the clinical trials of the vaccine, no loss of fertility has been reported among trial participants or among the millions who have received the vaccines since their authorization, and no signs of infertility appeared in animal studies. Loss of fertility is scientifically unlikely.”…
In the patient fact sheets, the FDA states that, for people who experienced myocarditis or pericarditis after their vaccine, “symptoms began within a few days following receipt of the second dose” of an mRNA vaccine.
However, the federal agency also adds …

COVID-19: Vaccine safety and side effects | @GovCanHealth
Allergic reactions
There’s a small chance of a serious allergic reaction to a vaccine, called anaphylaxis. It usually happens shortly after a person receives the vaccine and is treatable.
Your health care provider will ask you to stay at the clinic for at least 15 minutes after vaccination. This is so they can watch for abnormal or very rare reactions (like anaphylaxis) and treat them quickly. Vaccination sites should have a supply of epinephrine to use in case you have an allergic reaction.
Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis may include:
・itchy rash
・swelling of the: lips, face, airway, tongue
・increased heart rate
・loss of consciousness
・sudden low blood pressure
・abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea
・sneezing, coughing and difficulty breathing
…
Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine: What you should know | @GovCanHealth
Ingredients
Medicinal ingredient
・mRNA
Non-medicinal ingredients
・ALC-0315 = ((4-hydroxybutyl)azanediyl)bis(hexane-6,1-diyl)bis(2-hexyldecanoate)
・ALC-0159 = 2-[(polyethylene glycol)-2000]-N,N-ditetradecylacetamide
・1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
・cholesterol
・dibasic sodium phosphate dihydrate
・monobasic potassium phosphate
・potassium chloride
・sodium chloride
・sucrose
・water for injection
…
How it works
mRNA vaccines teach our cells how to make a protein that will trigger an immune response without using the live virus that causes COVID-19. Once triggered, our body then makes antibodies. These antibodies help us fight the infection if the real virus does enter our body in the future.
‘RNA’ stands for ribonucleic acid, which is a molecule that provides cells with instructions for making proteins. Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines contain the genetic instructions for making the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which is found on the surface of the virus that causes COVID-19.
When a person is given the vaccine, their cells will read the genetic instructions like a recipe and produce the spike protein. After the protein piece is made, the cell breaks down the instructions and gets rid of them.
The cell then displays the protein piece on its surface. Our immune system recognizes that the protein doesn’t belong there and begins building an immune response and making antibodies.
Moderna COVID-19 vaccine: What you should know | @GovCanHealth
Ingredients
Medicinal ingredient
・mRNA
Non-medicinal ingredients
・1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC)
・acetic acid
・cholesterol
・lipid SM-102
・polyethylene glycol (PEG) 2000 DMG
・sodium acetate
・sucrose
・tromethamine
・tromethamine hydrochloride
・water for injection
How it works
mRNA vaccines teach our cells how to make a protein that will trigger an immune response without using the live virus that causes COVID-19. Once triggered, our body then makes antibodies. These antibodies help us fight the infection if the real virus does enter our body in the future.
‘RNA’ stands for ribonucleic acid, which is a molecule that provides cells with instructions for making proteins. Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines contain the genetic instructions for making the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which is found on the surface of the virus that causes COVID-19.
When a person is given the vaccine, their cells will read the genetic instructions like a recipe and produce the spike protein. After the protein piece is made, the cell breaks down the instructions and gets rid of them.
The cell then displays the protein piece on its surface. Our immune system recognizes that the protein doesn’t belong there and begins building an immune response and making antibodies.

COVID-19 Vaccination Aftercare (PDF) | @CDCofBC
Is the COVID-19 Vaccine Safe? | @HopkinsMedicine

COVID-19 vaccines: Get the facts | @MayoClinic
What COVID-19 vaccines have been authorized and how do they work?
… Both the Pfizer-BioNTech and the Moderna COVID-19 vaccines use messenger RNA (mRNA). Coronaviruses have a spikelike structure on their surface called an S protein. COVID-19 mRNA vaccines give cells instructions for how to make a harmless piece of an S protein. After vaccination, your cells begin making the protein pieces and displaying them on cell surfaces. Your immune system will recognize that the protein doesn’t belong there and begin building an immune response and making antibodies.
The Janssen/Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine is a vector vaccine. In this type of vaccine, genetic material from the COVID-19 virus is inserted into a different kind of weakened live virus, such as an adenovirus. When the weakened virus (viral vector) gets into your cells, it delivers genetic material from the COVID-19 virus that gives your cells instructions to make copies of the S protein. Once your cells display the S proteins on their surfaces, your immune system responds by creating antibodies and defensive white blood cells. If you become infected with the COVID-19 virus, the antibodies will fight the virus.
Viral vector vaccines can’t cause you to become infected with the COVID-19 virus or the viral vector virus. Also, the genetic material that’s delivered doesn’t become part of your DNA.
What are the possible general side effects of a COVID-19 vaccine?
A COVID-19 vaccine can cause mild side effects after the first or second dose, including:
・Pain, redness or swelling where the shot was given
・Fever
・Fatigue
・Headache
・Muscle pain
・Chills
・Joint pain
・Nausea and vomiting
・Feeling unwell
・Swollen lymph nodes
You’ll likely be monitored for 15 minutes after getting a COVID-19 vaccine to see if you have an immediate reaction. Most side effects go away in a few days. Side effects after the second dose might be more intense. Some people have no side effects.
A COVID-19 vaccine may cause side effects similar to signs and symptoms of COVID-19. If you’ve been exposed to COVID-19 and you develop symptoms more than three days after getting vaccinated or the symptoms last more than two days, self-isolate and get tested.
What are the signs of an allergic reaction to a COVID-19 vaccine?
You might be having an allergic reaction to a COVID-19 vaccine if you experience these signs within four hours of getting vaccinated:
・Hives
・Swelling of the lips, eyes or tongue
・Wheezing
If you have any signs of an allergic reaction, get help right away. Tell your doctor about your reaction, even if it went away on its own or you didn’t get emergency care. This reaction might mean you are allergic to the vaccine. You might not be able to get a second dose of the same vaccine. However, you might be able to get a different vaccine for your second dose.

COVID-19: Vaccine side effects and reactions | @minhealthnz
Possible Side Effects After Getting a COVID-19 Vaccine | @CDCgov
Coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccines side effects and safety | @NHS
Package leaflet: Information for the recipient – COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine BNT162b2 concentrate for solution for injection (PDF) | @BioNTech,@Pfizer GOV.UK
COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects Symptom Checker | @healthdirectAU
COVID-19 SIDE-EFFECTS | @nicd_sa
Here’s what we know about the risks of serious side effects from COVID-19 vaccines (06/01/2021) | @ScienceNews
COVID-19 vaccine side effects: What’s normal and what to look out for (06/30/2021) | @CNET
Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines | @WHO
COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects | @yalehealth
Side-effects | @rivm

#Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.31（Lambda variant, etc. ラムダ変異株など）

All the below links are in English. Excerpts are on our own.

ご参考まで取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

The unusual Lambda variant is rapidly spreading in South America. Here’s what we know. (07/14/2021) | @natgeo
… “Why Chile is getting such high infection rates is perplexing, and it’s likely due to several factors. Because of their high vaccination coverage, the restrictions were relaxed a little too soon, and that could have led to [a] rise in cases,” says Pablo Tsukayama, a microbiologist at Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia in Lima, Peru. It was Tsukayama who first spotted the Lambda variant after routinely sequencing the samples deposited between January and March 2021. “But it is also possible that the main variants in circulation, Gamma and Lambda, have some immune escape properties that lead to reduced protection from vaccines.” …
While Latin America has only eight percent of the world’s population, it makes up more than 20 percent of global coronavirus cases and 32 percent of COVID-19 deaths worldwide. …
What has changed in Lambda?
The Lambda variant is very unusual because of the way its spike protein is altered compared to other variants. It has mutations at 14 positions including a long stretch of seven amino acids which has been deleted from a region of the spike protein called the N-terminal domain or NTD. Beyond these, Lambda also has mutations in the ORF1ab gene that are found in other variants of concern: Alpha, Beta, and Gamma. …
The seven amino acids deleted from the NTD belong to an NTD supersite where the spike is attacked by many of the body’s potent antibodies. Many variants, including Alpha, Beta, and Gamma also harbor mutations within this zone, suggesting that this region is important for the evolution of the virus. “NTD is not crucial for carrying out important functions of the virus and thus, it is easy for the virus to mutate and still remain viable, so as to evade the existing antibody response,” …
Among other mutations of Lambda is a unique one at location 452 which is also mutated in other highly transmissive variants: Delta, Delta Plus, Epsilon, and Kappa. While Lambda’s L452Q mutation has never been seen before in a variant, scientists predict that mutations at the 452 position boost the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect a cell.
The 452 position occurs in the part of the spike protein that interacts directly with the ACE2 receptor protein found on the lung and other human cells, and that interaction allows it to enter the body. “The 452 position is recognized by many neutralizing antibodies. Mutations at this site could result in decreased binding and thus less protection by certain vaccines in certain people, those with marginal responses to start with,” says Michael Diamond, an immunologist at Washington University School of Medicine. …

Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants | @WHO
Coronavirus30 Lambda-VOI @WHO

 

 

 

 

 

 

Here’s what you need to know about the lambda Covid variant (07/09/2021) | @CNBC
Coronavirus30 Lambda @CNBC

 

 

 

 

 

 

The 3 Simple Rules That Underscore the Danger of Delta (07/01/2021) | @TheAtlantic
SARS-CoV-2 Variants | CORONAVIRUS ANTIVIRAL & RESISTANCE DATABASE @Stanford
SARS-CoV-2 Variant Classifications and Definitions | @CDCgov
Confirmed cases of COVID-19 variants identified in UK (16/07/2021) | GOV.UK
SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England (PDF; 25/06/2021) | Public Health England

Λ!!: A New Threat On The Rise In South America (07/16/2021) | @Forbes
COVID-19: The ‘unusual’ new variant that may be more infectious than Delta (07/05/2021) | @SkyNews
From transmissibility to severity: Everything you need to know about the lambda variant (13/07/2021) | @weforum
Lambda variant in Canada: where is it and will it become a variant of concern? (07/13/2021) | @CTVNews
Covid’s Lambda Variant: Worth Watching, but No Cause for Alarm (07/08/2021) | @nytimes
Lambda variant: What is it, what are the symptoms and is it in Ireland? (0707/2021) | @IrishMirror
Lambda coronavirus variant (07/07/2021) | @CSIRO
Coronavirus: New COVID-19 ‘Lambda’ variant has ‘unusual set of mutations’, appears to be more infectious than Delta (06/07/2021) | @NewshubNZ


Recent articles about Japan 日本関連英文記事 Vol.22

All the below tweets are in English.

取り急ぎ標記につき以下貼っておきます。


https://twitter.com/NBCOlympics/status/1412830189013319685


https://twitter.com/Footy_Headlines/status/1409389626608041992


https://twitter.com/IrishRugby/status/1411294891100020737
https://twitter.com/IrishRugby/status/1411293057023086595
https://twitter.com/rugbyworldcup/status/1411203050887208960
https://twitter.com/tcdsports/status/1408044659218206725


https://twitter.com/AFPphoto/status/1403502306805661699

Science and Technology 科学技術 Vol.25（semiconductor, etc. 半導体など）

All the below links are in English.

取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

Science and Technology Vol.69 (silver, etc.)

Science and Technology Vol.68 (semiconductor materials)
@IEEEorg MiNetTechnology SemiEngineering WaferWorldInc dwnews UniversityWafer electrical4u1 WaferPro ROHMsemi wolfspeed EuroScientist onsemi IEEESpectrum WaferWorldInc tuvienna ..

World Vol.148 / Science and Technology Vol.67 (semiconductor)
Thomasnet @SeekingAlpha Investopia @semiEngineering ASML ASM theburninhub GlobeNewswire BusinessWire DataBridge TechRepublic …

Science and Technology Vol.66 (copper, silicon…/gallium…, etc.)

Science and Technology Vol.65 (semiconductor)
eh_org HowStuffWorks SIAAmerica ToshibaUSA HitachiGlobal Teradyneinc,SeekingAlpha semiEngineering 3M reason ForDummies onsemi TheMotleyFoolUK …

Science and Technology Vol.64 (gold, etc.)

内容例（各回ツイートもご覧ください）
以下、順に、
69：@BTNLiveBIG @MiningFan
68：@ConversationEDU
67：@SIAAmerica @CSETGeorgetown @ToshibaUSA @ROHMsemi
66：@WIRED @Avnet @IEEESpectrum,@SocionextUS @ThinkCopperWire
65：@business @ElecNotes
64：@arstechnica @ScienceAlert-@BecCrew,@Futurity @CNBC,@SCSatUoA,@ScienceUoA
SciTech69 UWMadisonLocalStartup testing a 1-2 punch against hard-to-heal wounds @BTNLiveBIG
SciTech69 silver @MiningFan
SciTech68 Semiconductor Beyond silicon - the search for new semiconductors @ConversationEDU
World148 2020 STATE OF THE U.S. SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY @SIAAmerica
World148 The Semiconductor Supply Chain - Assessing National Competitiveness @ CSET,Georgetown
World148 Types of Semiconductor Devices @ TOSHIBA
World148 What is Semiconductor Memory @ROHMsemi
SciTech66 Supercharged-LithiumSilicon-Batteries @WIRED
SciTech66 SiC,GaN @Avnet
SciTech66 GalliumOxide @IEEESpectrum,@SocionextUS
SciTech66 semiconductor @ThinkCopperWire
SciTech65 semiconductor @business
SciTech65 semiconductor @ElecNotes
SciTech64 polymer @arstechnica
SciTech64 gold-aerogel-nugget @ScienceAlert,@BecCrew
SciTech64 generate-hydrogen-4-times-more @ScienceAlert,@Futurity
SciTech64 eWaste-microbes @CNBC,@SCSatUoA,@ScienceUoA

World 世界情勢等 Vol.17 ／ U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.174

All the below links are in English.

取り急ぎ以下（内容事項一部抜粋ご参考まで）貼っておきます。

World Vol.151 (U.S., U.K., etc.)
Coronavirus … NBC10 ABC6

World Vol.150 (U.S., Australia, etc.)
ANU&UniMelb … KSTP MSPBJ

World Vol.149 (U.S., New Zealand, etc.)
AucklandUni … KTVB AFP

World Vol.147 (BBC, AFP)

World Vol.146 (TorontoStar, AP, etc.)

World Vol.139 (semiconductor)
@trendforce&@CNBC,@designreuse Zippia @yahoolife @SINewsUpdates @Investopedia @rayguide @BuiltIn TechWireAsia IBDinvestors eeNewsEurope SemiEngineering 3DInCites StatistaCharts SwingTradeBot erpsoftwareblog SeekingAlpha

World Vol.137 (U.S., etc.)
China copper Israel-Palestine … NBC komonews KIRO7Seattle KSL5TV TheSun

World Vol.136 (U.S., etc.)
tax-cuts-history Wuhan … DomPost thedailybeast BBCWorld SkyNews WSJ nytimes washingtonpost

内容例（各回ツイートもご覧ください）
以下、順に、
151：@ACScowcroft @George_Friedman
150：@crikey_news @CFR_org @StarTribune２枚
149：@TheHill @business @localnews8,@CNN２枚
147：@AFP２枚
146：@AP,@MargieMasonAP,@RobinMcDowell
139：@trendforce２枚
137：@CNBCTV18News @EconomicTimes @NBCNews
136：@HarvardPolitics
World151 US-military-MiddleEast @ACScowcroft
World151 US-withdrawal-from-MiddleEast @George_Friedman
World150 RBA-versus-business-media-cheerleaders-wages @crikey_news
World150 'water-stress @CFR_org
World150 Good luck with management by Zooming @StarTribune
World150 1920s-TwinCities @StarTribune
World149 Fed-Turkish-inflation-lesson @TheHill
World149 NZ-world-hottest-housing-market @business
World149 car-prices-soaring @localnews8,@CNN
World149 world-most-livable-cities-2021 @localnews8,@CNN
World147 China-rare-minerals-dominance @AFP
World147 G7-Biden-confront-China @AFP
World146 PalmOil-labor-abuses @AP
World150 RBA-versus-business-media-cheerleaders-wages @crikey_news
World139-Semiconductor3 2charts-Taiwan @CNBC,@trendforce
World139-Semiconductor4 revenue10-ICdesign-companies @designreuse,@trendforce
World137 surge-$15000-copper @CNBCTV18News
World137 lifetime-highs-copper @EconomicTimes
World137 Pope-Francis @NBCNews
World136 INF-Treaty @HarvardPolitics

#Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.29（Delta variant, etc. デルタ変異株など）

All the below links are in English. Excerpts are on our own.

ご参考まで取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

Youth, Delta variant behind UK COVID surge (06/17/2021) | @CIDRAP
… In total, 135 of 108,911 swabs tested positive for COVID-19, for a weighted prevalence of 0.15%, up from 0.10% of swabs collected from Apr 15 to May 3. Northwest England had the highest prevalence (0.26%), while the country’s southwest region had the lowest (0.05%). Residents of socioeconomically disadvantaged areas were at nearly double the risk of testing positive, compared with those in less-deprived areas.
Young people are behind the surge, with a 5-fold higher rate of COVID-19 test positivity among children 5 to 12 years (0.35% prevalence) and adults 18 to 24 (0.36% prevalence) than in those 65 or older. People younger than 50 were 2.5 times more likely to be infected than older people (prevalence, 0.20% vs 0.08%), although the researchers noted that infections seem to be growing at a comparable rate in both age-groups. …
In early February, the link between COVID-19 infection rates and hospitalizations started to lessen, apparently due to vaccinations, only to reemerge in late April. When the researchers stratified data by age, however, they found that those 65 and older still had a lower association between infections and hospital admissions.
“We can take a lot of comfort in the fact that there does appear to be very good protection in the older age groups, where virtually everyone has been doubly vaccinated,” senior study author Paul Elliott…
… Delta has become dominant in the country, rising from 60% of positive COVID-19 tests at the beginning of the study to 90% by the end. …
… it’s very difficult to predict the duration of the exponential phase,” lead author Steven Riley… noting that extending coronavirus vaccination to younger people in the next month should slow the surge. …
… Riley adds, “Even though we are seeing the highest infection prevalence in younger people who are less susceptible to COVID-19, if this growth continues it will drive up infections in older, more vulnerable people, as the vaccines are not 100% effective and not everyone has been fully vaccinated. This would lead to more hospitalisations and deaths, and risks straining the NHS …
… a team led by University of Oxford researchers evaluated whether vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, or antibodies derived from COVID-19 survivors could neutralize the Delta variant’s B1617.1 and B1617.2 sublineages.
The researchers found substantial reductions in the ability of the AstraZeneca/Oxford and Pfizer/BioNTech vaccines to inactivate the Delta variant, although the viruses weren’t broadly able to escape neutralization.
The ability of the Pfizer vaccine to neutralize the Delta variant dropped 1.34-fold between 4 and 10 weeks after the first dose, at which time the ability was nearly lost. “Recently in the UK some reduction in Pfizer-BioNTech effectiveness has been detected at 10 weeks, presumably as a result of waning immunity, leading to the recommendation that the second vaccine dose interval should be reduced from 12 to 8 weeks in those over age 50,” the authors said.
The researchers noted previous studies that found lower vaccine effectiveness against mild to moderate COVID-19 in countries in which Beta (B1351) was dominant, as well as against the Alpha (B117) variant first seen in England, although protection against severe illness was maintained.
Overall, convalescent sera was 4-fold less effective against B1617.1 and 2.7-fold less effective against B1617.2 than against an early strain from Wuhan, China. Still, convalescent sera containing antibodies against the Beta variant first seen in South Africa and the Gamma (P1) variant first identified in Brazil were the least able to inactivate Delta.
Data showed that the Delta variant’s affinity for ACE-2 was slightly enhanced compared with that of the Wuhan strain as well.
“Individuals previously infected by these variants may be more susceptible to reinfection by B.1.617.2,”…
The authors said that the true number of SARS-CoV-2 variants probably has been underestimated and that more variants of concern will continue to emerge. …
…”As the population develops immunity, by either natural infection or vaccination, pressure is mounting to select mutations that allow the virus to more effectively find an infectible host through increased transmissibility, or to evade the acquired immune response and cause reinfection.”…

UK Covid infections rise as Delta variant dominates (18/06/2021) | @BBCNews
… a single dose of vaccine reduces a person’s chances of catching coronavirus and needing hospital treatment by about 75%, even with Delta circulating in the UK.
And among people who had received the recommended two doses, the chances of catching and being hospitalised by coronavirus was reduced by more than 90%.
Of 806 people infected with the Delta variant who ended up hospital in England between 1 February and 14 June 2021:
527 (65%) people were unvaccinated
135 (17%) were more than 21 days after their first dose of vaccine
84 (10%) were more than 14 days after their second dose
As of 14 June, there have been 73 deaths in England of people who were confirmed as having the Delta variant and who died within 28 days of a positive test, and of these:
34 (47%) were unvaccinated
10 (14%) were more than 21 days after their first dose of vaccine
26 (36%) were more than 14 days after their second dose
…

Experts call for more sequencing after new ‘Delta plus’ variant identified (16/06/2021) | @Independent
… Referred to variously as the “Nepal variant”, the “Delta plus” variant or Delta AY.1, early data show this new lineage (B.1.617.2.1) allows the Covid virus to better resist antibody therapy treatments because it includes the K417N mutation – first found in the Beta variant that emerged in South Africa. …
From the data submitted by various labs across the world, we know the variant has been seen in Canada, Germany, Russia, Nepal, Switzerland, India, Poland, Portugal, Japan and the US. …
…the emergence of “Delta plus” and other new variants showed the need for regular genome sequencing to keep track of how the Covid virus is progressing.
He said the variant was “not a major concern immediately”. …

Five things we know about the Delta variant (and two things we don’t) (15/06/2021) | @gavi
Two weeks after receiving a second dose, the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine appeared to provide 79% protection against infection with the Delta variant, compared with 92% protection against the Alpha variant…
…the number one symptom reported by app users with a confirmed infection has been headache, followed by sore throat, a runny nose, and fever. “Cough is rarer and we don’t even see loss of smell coming up in the top ten anymore…

About Variants of the Virus that Causes COVID-19? | @CDCgov
Coronavirus Variants of the Virus that Causes COVID19​​ @CDCgov

 

 

 

“Delta plus’ variant may trigger third COVID-19 wave in Maharashtra: Health dept (06/18/2021) | @EconomicTimes
New case of Delta Plus Covid variant detected in Bhopal (06/17/2021) | @EconomicTimes
Cause for worry’: Expert weighs in on immune escape potential of Delta plus Covid variant (06/17/2021) | @htTweets
Delta Variant Makes Up Nearly All New U.K. Coronavirus Cases (06/18/2021) | @usnews
Delta Variant Drives Huge COVID Spike in U.K. (06/17/2021) | @WebMD
WHO says delta Covid variant has now spread to 80 countries and it keeps mutating (06/16/2021) | @CNBC







What are the India, Brazil, South Africa and UK variants? (06/06/2021) | @BBCNews
… There are a few “India” variants, but one called B.1.617.2 appears to be spreading more quickly in the UK.
Surge testing is being deployed in some areas, including Bolton and Blackburn, to identify infections – but it may not be stopping the spread.
Second jabs for all over-50s (and the clinically vulnerable) in England are now being brought forward to protect more people, faster. Second doses will come eight weeks after the first, rather than 11-12 weeks.
Latest research suggests the Pfizer and AstraZeneca coronavirus vaccines are highly effective against the variant after two doses, but protection from one dose appears to be reduced. …
Coronavirus What are the India, Brazil, South Africa and UK variants @BBC

 

 

 

 

 

Covid-19 news: 99% of UK cases thought to be due to delta variant (06/18/2021) | @NewScientist
Covid variants: latest on the Indian, UK, South African and Brazilian variants (18/06/2021) | @TheBHF
Covid: Delta variant cases in the UK soar by 78% in one week (18/06/2021) | @Independent
COVID-19: Almost all of UK’s coronavirus cases are Delta as variant infections rise by more than 33,000 in a week (18/06/2021) | @SkyNews
Delta Variant Cases Soar in U.K. With More People Hospitalized (06/18/2021) | @bpolitics