Science and Technology 科学技術 Vol.11 / #Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.13(pharmaceutical products 医薬品 Vol.4:drugs 治療薬)

All the below links and excerpts are in English.

リンクと当方作成の抜粋を取り急ぎ以下のとおり貼っておきます。

COVID-19 (coronavirus) drugs: Are there any that work? | @MayoClinic
Remdesivir
Antiviral drugs. In addition to remdesivir, other antiviral drugs being tested include favipiravir and merimepodib. …
Dexamethasone. …reduces the risk for deaths by about 30% for people on ventilators and by about 20% for people who needed supplemental oxygen. … Other corticosteroids, such as prednisone, methylprednisolone or hydrocortisone, may be used if dexamethasone isn’t available. However, their effectiveness isn’t yet known. …
Anti-inflammatory therapy.
Immune-based therapy. … Convalescent plasma is blood donated by people who’ve recovered from COVID-19. …mesenchymal stem cells and monoclonal antibodies.
・… Researchers study amlodipine and losartan. But it’s not yet…
Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. These malaria drugs… the FDA withdrew that authorization…
Drugs to prevent COVID-19.

The Latest Research on COVID-19 Treatments and Medications in the Pipeline (10/23/2020) | @GoodRx
Commonly used treatments for COVID-19 and therapies with emergency use authorizations (EUAs)
Remdesivir (Veklury)
Dexamethasone
Convalescent plasma
New treatments in early phase studies
Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) … Regeneron and Eli Lilly are two companies that both have MABs in development for COVID-19, currently called REGN-COV2 and LY-CoV555, respectively. …
Treatments that the NIH recommend against using for COVID-19
Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine
Azithromycin … One research group looked at azithromycin in combination with hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19. They reported that 93% of patients cleared the virus after 8 days, but there was no control group so we don’t know if people would have cleared the virus on their own without the medications. There are concerns about potentially serious side effects when using azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine together. The NIH currently recommends against using azithromycin for COVID-19.
Tocilizumab (Actemra) and other IL-6 inhibitors … By blocking IL-6, tocilizumab helps to calm down the immune system and is believed to also help with managing cytokine storms.
Research on tocilizumab started with a study from France, which reported that people who got tocilizumab were less likely to require ventilation or die. Another study from Italy found that those who got tocilizumab had a lower death rate, though about the same percentage of patients from both groups needed ventilators. On the other hand, tocilizumab did not help COVID-19 patients with early-stage pneumonia. A phase 3 study from the manufacturer also found that tocilizumab did not help for hospitalized COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia. …
… They showed that patients with severe symptoms who got Kevzara did worse compared to placebo, but patients who had even more severe (critical) symptoms improved compared to placebo. …
Kinase inhibitors … acalabrutinib (Calquence); baricitinib (Olumiant); ruxolitinib (Jakafi); tofacitinib (Xeljanz) …
Interferons
Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir)
Ivermectin
Repurposed medications with minimal COVID-19 data
Tamiflu (oseltamivir)
Avigan (favipiravir) and other antiviral medications … In vitro studies have shown that high doses of favipiravir were able to prevent human cells from being infected with SARS-CoV-2. …
Colcrys (colchicine)

Coronavirus Drug and Treatment Tracker (10/29/2020) | @nytimes
Coronavirus_Treatment-Tracker-nytimes
Blocking the Virus – Antivirals can stop viruses such as H.I.V. and hepatitis C from hijacking our cells. …
Remdesivir
Favipiravir
Molnupiravir
Recombinant ACE-2
Ivermectin
Oleandrin
Lopinavir and ritonavir
Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine
Mimicking the Immune System -… Drugs might help people who can’t mount an adequate defense.
Convalescent plasma
Monoclonal antibodies
Interferons
Putting Out Friendly Fire – The most severe symptoms of Covid-19 are the result of the immune system’s overreaction to the virus. …
Dexamethasone and Other Corticosteroids
Cytokine Inhibitors
Blood filtration systems
Stem cells
Other Treatments
Pseudoscience and Fraud

Treatments for COVID-19: What helps, what doesn’t, and what’s in the pipeline (10/23/2020) | @HarvardHealth

U.S.A. Vol.126(Joe Biden For President)

The below excerpts are on our own.

BUILD BACK BETTER: JOE BIDEN’S JOBS AND ECONOMIC RECOVERY PLAN FOR WORKING FAMILIES
… In this time of crisis, Joe Biden has a plan to create millions of good-paying jobs and to give America’s working families the tools, choices, and freedom they need to build back better.
That starts with a real strategy to deal with the pandemic. We can’t solve the jobs crisis until we solve the public health crisis. …
Biden will also provide further immediate relief to working families, small businesses, and communities. Biden will:
– Provide state, local, and tribal governments with the aid they need so educators, firefighters and other essential workers aren’t being laid off.
– Extend COVID crisis unemployment insurance to help those who are out of work.
– Provide a comeback package for Main Street businesses and entrepreneurs.
And, Biden will immediately put people to work by enlisting them to help fight the pandemic, including through a Public Health Jobs Corps.
… The Biden plan will mobilize the American people in service of four bold, national efforts to address four great national challenges. As President, Biden will:
– Mobilize American manufacturing and innovation to ensure that the future is made in America, and in all of America. …
– Mobilize American ingenuity to build a modern infrastructure and an equitable, clean energy future. …
– Mobilize American talent and heart to build a 21st century caregiving and education workforce which will help ease the burden of care for working parents, especially women. …
– Mobilize across the board to advance racial equity in America. …
Building back better means an updated social contract that treats American workers and working families as essential at all times, not just times of crisis…a decent wage, at least $15 per hour…universal paid sick days and 12 weeks of paid family and medical leave…
Building back better means helping small businesses and entrepreneurs come out the other side of this crisis strong, while demanding more from corporate America. …
…reversing some of Trump’s tax cuts for corporations and imposing common-sense tax reforms that finally make sure the wealthiest Americans pay their fair share.

A TALE OF TWO TAX POLICIES: TRUMP REWARDS WEALTH, BIDEN REWARDS WORK
I. Trump’s Tax Proposal In An Economic Crisis: A New Billionaire Tax Cut
… In Trump’s America, a working family making $65,000 will pay 22% on every extra dollar they earn, not including payroll taxes, while billionaires will pay just 15% on their profits from investments. …
II. Trump’s Tax Record: Billions For Foreign Investors And Large Multinational Corporations
… In 2018, in the wake of the Trump tax giveaway, 91 companies in the Fortune 500 paid no federal taxes on their income and another 56 paid less than 5 percent. …
Just a few examples of the harmful impact of Trump’s corporate tax giveaway include:
– Wells Fargo saved nearly $6.5 billion from the tax giveaway in 2018 and 2019, then authorized $40 billion worth of stock buybacks, raised interest rates on borrowers, and announced that it would lay off up to 26,000 workers.
– The pharmaceutical giant AbbVie received a $1.3 billion tax handout, announced $10 billion worth of buybacks, then increased prices for more than 10 of its products, including the arthritis medication, Humira.
– JPMorgan Chase pocketed $8.76 billion in tax breaks in 2018 and 2019 and yet last year still charged consumers $2 billion in overdraft fees, and cut hundreds of jobs.
– Harley-Davidson announced it would repurchase almost $700 million worth of its own stock, slash 350 manufacturing jobs, and shift some of its production overseas.
– AT&T cut thousands of jobs, while Trump gave them $1 billion in federal contracts and a $3 billion per year tax cut.
– Boeing offshored more than 2,000 U.S. jobs and announced billions in stock buybacks while receiving $29 billion in contracts and a $1.1 billion tax cut from Trump.
III. Biden’s Plan: Make The Wealthy And Corporations Pay Their Fair Share, And Provide Tax Relief For Working Families
… Joe Biden will not raise taxes on anyone making less than $400,000. Period. But he will ask wealthy Americans and big corporations to pay their fair share, including by:
– Raising the corporate tax rate to 28 percent.
– Requiring a true minimum tax on ALL foreign earnings of United States companies located overseas so that we do our part to put an end to the global race to the bottom that rewards global tax havens. This will be 21% — TWICE the rate of the Trump offshoring tax rate and will apply to all income.
– Imposing a tax penalty on corporations that ship jobs overseas in order to sell products back to America.
– Imposing a 15% minimum tax on book income so that no corporation gets away with paying no taxes.
– Raising the top individual income rate back to 39.6 percent.
– Asking those making more than $1 million to pay the same rate on investment income that they do on their wages.

THE BIDEN PLAN TO BUILD A MODERN, SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE AND AN EQUITABLE CLEAN ENERGY FUTURE
… Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, he ignored public health experts, praised the Chinese government, and failed to take the actions needed to protect the American people. …
Just as with COVID-19, Donald Trump has denied science and failed to step up in the face of the climate crisis. He has called it a hoax. He has allowed our infrastructure to deteriorate and farmers’ fields to flood. He has held back American workers from leading the world on clean energy, giving China and other countries a free pass to outcompete us in key technologies and the jobs that come with them. …
… He will launch a national effort aimed at creating the jobs we need to build a modern, sustainable infrastructure now and deliver an equitable clean energy future.
… Biden will make a $2 trillion accelerated investment…
– Infrastructure:…from roads and bridges to green spaces and water systems to electricity grids and universal broadband…
– Auto Industry: Create 1 million new jobs…
– Transit: Provide every American city with 100,000 or more residents with high-quality, zero-emissions public transportation options through flexible federal investments with strong labor protections…
– Power Sector:…a carbon pollution-free power sector by 2035. …
– Buildings: Upgrade 4 million buildings and weatherize 2 million homes over 4 years, creating at least 1 million good-paying jobs with a choice to join a union…
– Housing: Spur the construction of 1.5 million sustainable homes and housing units.
– Innovation: Drive dramatic cost reductions in critical clean energy technologies, including battery storage, negative emissions technologies, the next generation of building materials, renewable hydrogen, and advanced nuclear…
– Agriculture and Conservation: Create jobs in climate-smart agriculture, resilience, and conservation, including 250,000 jobs plugging abandoned oil and natural gas wells and reclaiming abandoned coal, hardrock, and uranium mines…
– Environmental Justice…
Biden also reaffirms his commitment to fulfill our obligation to the workers and communities who powered our industrial revolution and decades of economic growth, as outlined in his original climate plan. …
– BUILD A MODERN INFRASTRUCTURE …
– POSITION THE AMERICAN AUTO INDUSTRY TO WIN THE 21ST CENTURY …
– CREATE MILLIONS OF JOBS PRODUCING CLEAN ELECTRIC POWER FOR AMERICAN FAMILIES AND BUSINESSES …
– UPGRADE THE BUILDING SECTOR: RETROFITTING BUILDINGS, UPGRADING SCHOOLS, AND BUILDING HOMES ACROSS AMERICA …
– PURSUE A HISTORIC INVESTMENT IN CLEAN ENERGY INNOVATION … A major focus of Biden’s commitment to increase federal procurement by $400 billion in his first term…
– INVEST IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND CONSERVATION …
– SECURE ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE AND CREATE EQUITABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY …

LIFT EVERY VOICE: THE BIDEN PLAN FOR BLACK AMERICA
THE BIDEN AGENDA FOR THE LATINO COMMUNITY

BIDEN-SANDERS UNITY TASK FORCE RECOMMENDATIONS (PDF)

U.S.A. Vol.125(Donald J. Trump for President)

The below excerpts are on our own.

President Donald J. Trump Achievements – Making America Great Again –
Economy And Jobs
Under President Trump’s leadership, Congress passed historic tax cuts and relief for hard-working Americans. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act:
– Is the first major tax reform signed in 30 years.
– Provided tax relief for 82% of middle-class families.
– Doubled the Child Tax Credit proving an additional $1,000 per child in tax relief for working parents.
– Nearly doubled the standard deduction, a change that simplified the tax filing process for millions of Americans.
– Cut taxes for small business by 20%, providing $415 billion in tax relief for small business owners.
– Alleviated the tax burden on over 500 companies. who used those savings to fund bonuses, wage increases for 4.8 million workers.
– Spurred new investments into the American economy, after it was passed businesses invested $482 billion into new American projects.
– Repealed Obamacare’s burdensome individual mandate.
– Made U.S. companies competitive on the world stage, lowering the corporate tax rate from one of the highest in the industrialized world (35%) to 21%.
U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth has soared under President Trump, topping 3% in 4 quarters under his administration.
– 2018 annual GDP growth was 2.9%
– In the first quarter of 2019 GDP growth was 3.1%
President Trump is unleashing economic growth and jobs. Since his election, the Trump administration’s pro-growth policies have generated 6 million new jobs, the unemployment rate has fallen to its lowest point in 50 years, and wages have grown at more than 3% for 10 months in a row.
– The manufacturing industry created nearly half a million new jobs.
– 625,000 new construction jobs have been created since President Trump took office.
– Hispanic, Asian and African American unemployment rates have all reached record lows under President Trump.
– There are more than a million more job openings than unemployed persons in the U.S.
President Trump signed an executive order that expanded federally funded apprenticeship programs and on-the-job training, to provide an alternative for those looking to gain in demand skills that lack the resources to attend four year universities.
– The executive order set in motion a new process that makes it easier for businesses to create and scale apprenticeship programs, providing many more Americans access to an affordable education that leads to a well-paying job.
– The Workforce Development Advisory Council established by President Trump’s executive order has already created on-the-job training opportunities for 6.5 million Americans.
– The Trump administration prioritized the economic empowerment of women at home and across the globe.
– The Trump Administration launched the Women’s Global Development and Prosperity (W-GDP) Initiative, the first-ever whole-of-government approach focused on advancing women’s full and free participation in the global economy and allocated $50 million for the fund.

Trade & Foreign Policy
Regulation
Law And Justice
Government Accountability

Infrastructure
The Trump Administration allocated $50 billion to empower rural America to address the infrastructure needs of their communities
– 80 percent of the Rural Infrastructure Program funds will go directly to the governor of each state as determined by a formula.
– 20 percent of the Rural Infrastructure Program funds will be provided to selected states that apply for Rural Performance Grants.
President Trump’s plan provides states the flexibility they need to address the unique needs of each community.
– The federal funding provided by the president’s plan will not be awarded in pre-packaged, asset-specific amounts, as is often the case with federal programs, giving states the freedom to spend the money where it’s needed most.
– Instead, funds provided under the president’s proposal will go directly to the governor’s office of the state receiving funds allowing governors to make investments based on the individual infrastructure needs of their communities.

Education
Immigration
National Security And Defense
Land and Agriculture

Energy And Environment
The Department of the Interior proposed its largest oil and gas lease of over 78 million acres in the Gulf of Mexico.
– President Trump signed an Executive Order to expand offshore oil and gas drilling and open more leases to develop offshore drilling.
President Trump and his administration acted aggressively to increase exports of energy resources to the global market.
– This allowed financing for coal and fossil energy projects.
– The Department of Energy announced the approval of the Lake Charles Liquefied Natural Gas terminal.
– American LNG export opportunities increased under the Trump administration.
President Trump has approved the infrastructure and provided the resources needed to unleash oil and gas production in the U.S.
– The administration approved the Keystone XL and Dakota Access pipelines, supporting an estimated total of 42,000 jobs and $2 billion in wages.
– The administration announced the approval of the New Burgos Pipeline, a cross-border project that will export U.S. gasoline to Mexico.
– The Trump administration reversed President Obama’s moratorium on new leases for oil and gas development on federal lands.
President Trump rescinded President Obama’s costly Clean Power Plan and instead has proposed the Affordable Clean Energy Rule.
– According to NERA Economic Consulting, the CPP would have increased electricity rates by as much as 14 percent, costing American households up to $79 billion.
– The Affordable Clean Energy Rule will reduce greenhouse gasses, empower states, promote energy independence, and facilitate economic growth and job creation
In addition to the Clean Power Plan, the Trump administration has rescinded many costly Obama-Era regulations.
– The EPA has rescinded President Obama’s methane emissions rule that would cost American energy developers an estimated $530 million annually.
– The EPA is reviewing a rule that if rescinded would relax costly fuel standards and save $340 billion in regulatory costs.
President Trump announced his intent to withdraw the U.S. from the unfair Paris Climate Agreement.
In May 2017, the Trump administration created a Superfund task force designed to streamline the Superfund cleanup program.
– The Superfund task force has designated 10 sites for “immediate, intense action.”

Healthcare
President Trump has worked to improve access to affordable quality health care.
– The Department of Agriculture provided more than $1 billion in FY2017 to be used to improve access to health care services for 2.5 million people in rural communities.
– The Trump administration expanded access to Association Health Plans (AHPs) allowing small business to pool risk across states.
– The Trump Administration allows for Short-Term Limited Duration plans to be extended up to 12 months.
As part of the landmark Tax Cuts and Jobs Act President Trump repealed the individual mandate, which forced people to buy expensive insurance and taxed those who couldn’t afford it.
– The mandate disproportionately hurt the poor: 80% of those affected made less than $50,000.
President Trump signed a six-year extension of CHIP to fund healthcare for 9 million.
President Trump has mobilized his entire administration to address drug addiction and opioid abuse by declaring the opioid crisis a nationwide public health emergency.
– President Trump created a bipartisan opioid commission that issued 56 recommendations to help defeat the opioid crisis.
– In October 2017, President Trump directed The Department of Health and Human Services to declare the opioid crisis a public health emergency, allowing grant money to be used to combat abuse.
– President Trump signed the International Narcotics Trafficking Emergency Response by Detecting Incoming Contraband with Technology (INTERDICT Act) that would give customs agents $9 million for screening tools on the border.
– In FY2017, HHS invested nearly $900 million in opioid-specific funding.
– President Trump successfully pressured China to close dangerous loopholes that allowed Chines fentanyl manufacturers to legally ship the compound worldwide, much of which ended up in the U.S.
Under President Trump, the FDA has approved the largest number of generic drugs in history.
– Generics increase competition in the marketplace and lower the cost of prescription drugs for all Americans.
– In December 2018, year-end drug prices fell for the first time in nearly 50 years.

Social Programs
Veterans

Timeline of Accomplishments
News

U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.124(Maryland メリーランド州 Vol.2: pharmaceutical corporations 製薬会社)

All the below link and tweets are in English.

取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

Maryland Vol.9 (corporations: Novavax)

上記リンク内に無い本日までのツイート

ツイッター検索で 上記製薬会社名 及び Japan や 日本の5製薬会社各社名 を入れて出て来たもの


https://twitter.com/Reuters/status/1291764717330071557

World 世界情勢等 Vol.7

All the below links are in English.

取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。

World Vol.51
World Vol.50
World Vol.49
World Vol.48
World Vol.47
World Vol.46
World Vol.45
World Vol.44
World Vol.43
World Vol.42
World Vol.41

Science and Technology 科学技術 Vol.10 / #Coronavirus #コロナウイルス Vol.12(pharmaceutical products 医薬品 Vol.3:vaccines ワクチン)

All the below links and excerpts are in English.

標記関連リンクと当方作成の一部抜粋を取り急ぎ以下のとおり貼っておきます。
(The below Vaccine Tracker is from @nytimes.)

Coronavirus_Vaccine-Tracker-nytimes
Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker (10/24/2020) | @nytimes
〇 Genetic Vaccines – Vaccines that deliver…coronavirus’s own genes into our cells to provoke an immune response.
• Moderna & National Institutes of Health [PHASE 3] mRNA
…planned to wait until a significant number of volunteers became sick with Covid-19 and then see how many had been vaccinated. It may take till the end of 2020 or early 2021 to reach the necessary numbers.
• BioNTech & Pfizer & Fosun Pharma (China) [PHASE 2 & 3] mRNA
… Pfizer and BioNTech would not apply for an emergency use authorization before late November at the earliest. …
…will have to be chilled to minus 80 degrees Celsius (minus 112 degrees Fahrenheit) until it’s ready to be injected.
• Zydus Cadila (India) [PHASE 2] DNA-based
• CureVac (Germany) [PHASE 2] mRNA
• Imperial College London (UK) & Morningside Ventures (UK) [PHASE 1 & 2] “self-amplifying” RNA
• AnGes (Japan) & Osaka University (Japan) & Takara Bio (Japan) [PHASE 1 & 2] DNA-based
• Arcturus Therapeutics (CA) & Duke-NUS Medical School (Singapore) [PHASE 1 & 2] mRNA
• Inovio (PA) [PHASE 1] DNA-based
• Genexine (South Korea) [PHASE 1] DNA-based
• Academy of Military Medical Sciences (China) & Suzhou Abogen Biosciences (China) & Walvax Biotechnology (China) [PHASE 1] mRNA-based
• Chulalongkorn University (Thailand) & Chula Vaccine Research Center (Thailand) [PHASE 1] mRNA-based
• Entos Pharmaceuticals (Canada) [PHASE 1] DNA
• Sanofi (France) & Translate Bio (MA) [PRECLINICAL] mRNA

〇 Viral Vector Vaccines – Vaccines that contain viruses engineered to carry coronavirus genes. …
• CanSino Biologics (China) & Academy of Military Medical Sciences (China) [PHASE 3]
• Gamaleya Research Institute (Russia) [PHASE 3]
• Johnson&Johnson & Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (MA) [PHASE 3]
• AstraZeneca & University of Oxford [PHASE 2 & 3]
ReiThera (Italy) & Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases (Italy);Vaxart (CA);Merck & Themis Bioscience (Austria) & Institut Pasteur (France);German Center for Infection Research (Germany);Merck & IAVI (NY);ImmunityBio (CA);Novartis …
〇 Protein-Based Vaccines – Vaccines that contain coronavirus proteins but no genetic material. …
• Novavax [PHASE 3]
• Anhui Zhifei Longcom (China) & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (China) [PHASE 2]
Finlay Vaccine Institute (Cuba);Vector Institute (Russia);Sanofi & GSK、SpyBiotech (UK);Clover Biopharmaceuticals (China) & GSK & Dynavax (CA); University of Queensland (Australia) & CSL (Australia);Medicago (Canada) & GSK & Dynavax;Vaxine (Australia);Kentucky BioProcessing (KY);Medigen (Taiwan) & Dynavax;Adimmune (Taiwan);COVAXX (NY) …
〇 Inactivated or Attenuated Coronavirus Vaccines – Vaccines created from weakened coronaviruses…
• Wuhan Institute of Biological Products (China) [PHASE 3]
• Sinopharm (China) [PHASE 3]
• Sinovac Biotech (China) [PHASE 3]
• Indian Council of Medical Research (India) & National Institute of Virology (India) & Bharat Biotech (India) [PHASE 3]
…..

Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca coronavirus vaccine trials set to resume: Investigators found the unexplained illnesses in both trials appeared unconnected to the vaccines (10/24/2020) | @washingtonpost
… In the Johnson & Johnson trial, which was paused on Oct. 12, a man who received a vaccination suffered a stroke that may have been triggered by an infection. To conclude it was not likely to be related to the shot, investigators probed not only the medical details of the event, but also examined a safety database of 100,000 people who have received vaccines that use the same underlying technology. …
… The company is testing the only vaccine that aims to protect people with a single shot; other prospective vaccines require a return visit and second shot three to four weeks after the first to trigger a protective immune response.
It was the second late-stage vaccine trial put on hold in recent weeks; the vaccine being developed by AstraZeneca and the University of Oxford was halted on Sept. 6 after a British participant developed a neurological problem. …
… Carlos del Rio, an infectious diseases physician at Emory University School of Medicine. “As long as the data and safety monitoring board has reviewed the data and says its OK to proceed, we proceed.”
… William Hartman, a principal investigator of the AstraZeneca trial at the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics. “It is too soon to tell whether participant enthusiasm will approach what it was prior to the pause. …

Covid: More coronavirus vaccine trials in Wales ‘within weeks’ (24/10/2020) | @BBC

Rush for results could lead to inferior Covid vaccine, say scientists (25/10/2020) | @guardian

Dozens of COVID-19 vaccines are in development. Here are the ones to follow. : Here are the COVID-19 vaccine prospects that have made it to phase three trials and beyond. (10/13/2020) | @NatGeo
• Novavax (MD) NVX-CoV2373
• Johnson & Johnson (NJ) JNJ-78436735
• Moderna Therapeutics (MA) mRNA-1273
• Pfizer (NY) & BioNTech (Germany) BNT162b2
• University of Oxford (UK) & AstraZeneca (UK) ChAdOx1 nCoV-19
• Sinovac (China) & Butantan (Brazil) CoronaVac
• Sinopharm (China) & Wuhan Institute of Biological Products (China) None
• Murdoch Children’s Research Institute (Australia) & University of Melbourne (Australia) Bacillus Calmette-Guerin BRACE trial
• CanSino Biologics (China) Ad5-nCoV
• The Gamaleya National Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology (Russia) Sputnik V

U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.123(New Jersey ニュージャージー州 Vol.4: pharmaceutical corporations 製薬会社)

All the below link and tweets are in English.

Vol.122 (New Jersey ニュージャージー州 Vol.3: pharmaceutical corporations 製薬会社)の続き

ツイッター検索で 上記製薬会社名 及び Japan や 日本の5製薬会社各社名 を入れて出て来たもの


@MSD_JAPAN


https://twitter.com/LRamseu/status/1312391912956010498

U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.122(New Jersey ニュージャージー州 Vol.3: pharmaceutical corporations 製薬会社)

All the below link and tweets are in English.

取り急ぎ以下貼っておきます。Vol.123(New Jersey ニュージャージー州 Vol.4: pharmaceutical corporations 製薬会社)もご覧ください。

New Jersey Vol.10 (corporations: Merck (Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD) outside the U.S. & Canada))

上記リンク内に無い本日までのツイート


https://twitter.com/FriendsOfSheba/status/1318279650842464259


https://twitter.com/APSForg/status/1318913714825940992

U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.121(Final (2nd) US Presidential Debate 10/22/2020 ― 米国大統領選挙テレビ討論会)

All the below tweets (@newsmax, @MotherJones, @amconmag, @RawStory, @FDRLST, @Newsday, @StarTribune, @WSJ) are in English. @BelmontUniv

U.S.A. アメリカ Vol.120(Final (2nd) US Presidential Debate 10/22/2020 ― 米国大統領選挙テレビ討論会)

All the below tweets (@latimes, @EpochTimes, @dailykos, @WashTimes, @thedailybeast, @theblaze, @FortuneMagazine, @Forbes) are in English. @BelmontUniv